denOuden_SPM2010_connectivity.pptVIP

* DCM parameters = rate constants The coupling parameter a determines the half life of x(t), and thus describes the speed of the exponential change Integration of a first-order linear differential equation gives anexponential function: If A?B is 0.10 s-1 this means that, per unit time, the increase in activity in B corresponds to 10% of the activity in A - x2 stimuli u1 context u2 x1 + + - - - + Example: context-dependent decay u 1 Z 1 u 2 Z 2 u1 u2 x2 x1 Penny, Stephan, Mechelli, Friston NeuroImage (2004) Bayesian statistics posterior ? likelihood ? prior Express our prior knowledge or “belief” about parameters of the model new data prior knowledge Parameters governing Hemodynamics in a single region Neuronal interactions Constraints (priors) on Hemodynamic parameters - empirical Self connections -principled Other connections shrinkage y y Conceptual overview Neuronal states activity x1(t) a12 activity x2(t) c2 c1 Driving input (e.g. sensory stim) Modulatory input (e.g. context/learning/drugs) b12 BOLD Response Parameters are optimised so that the predicted matches the measured BOLD response How confident are we about these parameters? Inference about DCM parameters: Bayesian single subject analysis The model parameters are distributions that have a mean ηθ|y and covariance Cθ|y. Use of the cumulative normal distribution to test the probability that a certain parameter is above a chosen threshold γ: ?? ηθ|y Classical frequentist test across Ss Test summary statistic: mean ηθ|y One-sample t-test: Parameter 0? Paired t-test: parameter 1 parameter 2? rmANOVA: e.g. in case of multiple sessions per subject Bayesian model averaging Overview Brain connectivity: types definitions Functional connectivity Psycho-physiological interactions (PPI) Dynamic causal models (DCMs) Applications of DCM to fMRI data Design of experiments and models Generating data Planning a DCM-compatible study Suitable experimental design: any design that i