stimulusresponseagents.ppt

Copyright ? Department of Computer Science, Guizhou University 2 Stimulus-Response Agents Introduction to agent agent的定义 agent是任何可被看作通过它的传感器感知环境并通过操纵装置施加动作于环境的东西。 Cont’d 智能 agent的结构 agent = 体系结构 + 程序 agent程序: 实现agent的感知到动作的映射的函数。 体系结构: agent程序运行其上的某种计算设备。 普通的计算机 特殊用途的硬件 软件 Cont’d 设计agent的四要素 (PAGE) 感知 information acquired through the agent’s sensory system. 动作 operations performed by the agent on the environment through its actuators. 目标 desired outcome of the task with a measurable performance. 环境 surroundings beyond the control of the agent. Cont’d Properties Autonomous (自治) Capable of independent action without our interference. Reactive (反应) Maintains an ongoing interaction with its environment and responds to changes that occur in (in time for the response to be useful). Cont’d Pro-active (预动) Generating and attempting to achieve goals; not driven solely by events; taking the initiative. Social (社会) The ability to interact with other agents (and possibly humans) via some kind of agent communication language and perhaps cooperate with others. Outline Perception and Action Perception Action Boolean Algebra Boolean calculus Classes and Forms of Boolean Functions Implementing Action Functions Production System Networks The Subsumption Architecture Cont’d 刺激-响应agent 没有内部状态，只是简单地对环境的直接的刺激做出反应的机器。 Gray Walter’s Machina speculatrix a wheeled device with motors, photocells, and … moved toward light of moderate intensity and avoided bright light. One exact agent — Boundary-following robot Cont’d 环境: a two-dimensional gird-space world with boundaries and other large, unmovable objects. no ‘tight spaces’. 目标: go to a cell adjacent to a boundary or object and then follow that boundary along its perimeter forever. 感知/输入: is able to sense whether or not the eight cells surrounding it are free. s1,s2,…,s8. If si is 0, then the corresponding cell is free; otherwise, the corresponding cell can not be occupied. 动作/输出: 1. north, 2. east, 3. sou