计算机导论课件（北航）Computer Basics.pptxVIP

Computer BasicsChapter 1: Computers and Digital BasicsA stored program means that a series of instructions for a computing task can be loaded into a computer’s memoryAllows you to switch tasksDistinguishes a computer from other simpler and less versatile digital devicesComputer BasicsChapter 1: Computers and Digital BasicsApplication software is a set of computer programs that helps a person carry out a taskSoftware applications are sometimes referred to as apps, especially in the context of handheld devices The primary purpose of system software is to help the computer system monitor itself in order to function efficientlyOperating system (OS)Computer Types and UsesChapter 1: Computers and Digital BasicsA personal computer is a microprocessor-based computing device designed to meet the computing needs of an individualPersonal Computers, Servers, Mainframes, and SupercomputersComputer Types and UsesChapter 1: Computers and Digital BasicsHandheld digital devices include familiar gadgets such as iPhones, iPads, iPods, Garmin GPSs, Droids, and KindlesThese devices incorporate many computer characteristicsHandheld devices can be divided into two broad categories: those that allow users to install software applications (apps) and those that do not Computer Types and UsesA videogame console, such as Nintendo’s Wii, Sony’s PlayStation, or Microsoft’s Xbox, is not generally referred to as personal computer because of their history as dedicated game devicesChapter 1: Computers and Digital BasicsComputer Types and UsesChapter 1: Computers and Digital BasicsThe term workstation has two meanings:An ordinary personal computer that is connected to a networkA powerful desktop computer used for high-performance tasksComputer Types and UsesChapter 1: Computers and Digital BasicsThe purpose of a server is to serve computers on a network (such as the Internet or a home network) by supplying them with dataA mainframe computer (or simply a mainframe) is a large and expensive computer ca