计算机导论课件（北航）Random Access Memory.pptxVIP

Random Access MemoryChapter 2: Computer HardwareRAM (random access memory) is a temporary holding area for data, application program instructions, and the operating systemRandom Access MemoryChapter 2: Computer HardwareMicroscopic capacitors hold the bits that represent dataMost RAM is volatileRequires electrical power to hold dataRandom Access MemoryChapter 2: Computer HardwareRAM capacity is expressed in gigabytesPersonal computers typically feature between 2 GB and 8 GB of RAMIf a program exceeds its allocated space, the operating system uses an area of the hard disk, called virtual memory, to store parts of programs or data files until they are neededROM and EEPROMChapter 2: Computer HardwareROM is a type of memory circuitry that that is housed in a single integrated circuitPermanent and non-volatileEEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)Non-volatile but user-modifiableROM contains a small set of instructions and data called the bootstrap loaderSometimes referred to as the BIOSTells the computer how to access the hard disk, find the operating system, and load it into RAMROM and EEPROMChapter 2: Computer HardwareQuestionChapter 2: Computer HardwareSome computers are suitable for e-mail, word processing, and similar low-key operations, whereas other computers have the power to keep up while you play complex action games, edit high-resolution videos, and prepare multi-track sound recordings. Which of the following computers is the most powerful?A. Intel Core 7 quad-core processor; 48 GB RAMB. AMD Phenom Quad core processor; 4 GB RAMC. Intel Core 2 Quad processor; 2 GB RAMD. ARM7 processor; 4 GB RAMAnswerChapter 2: Computer HardwareASection C: Storage DevicesChapter 2: Computer HardwareStorage BasicsA storage medium contains dataA storage device records and retrieves data from a storage mediumData gets copied from a storage device into RAM, where it waits to be processedProcessed data is held temporarily in RAM before it is copied to a stora