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DFT和FFT处理
实质区别仅是解释不同 DFS分析的是自然的周期信号 DFT分析的是周期或非周期信号的加窗部分,不过它的IDFT总是周期的. 周期信号的幅度频谱用这两种方法计算过程和结果都相同. 11.4DFT窗效应 当所研究的信号是时不变信号,而且采样频率一定时,用长的窗可以给出非常准确的信号频谱,DFT分辨率尽可能小时,模糊会最小. 如果信号的特性随时间变化,长的窗可能会使计算结果发生混淆. DFT处理数字数据,不可避免地将出现由采样引起的频谱混叠和量化误差.加窗是DFT误差的另一主要来源. FIGURE 11-31 Ideal magnitude spectrum for pure sinusoid. Joyce Van de VegteFundamentals of Digital Signal Processing Copyright ?2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved. FIGURE 11-32 Spectrum of sinusoid using rectangular windows of different lengths. Joyce Van de VegteFundamentals of Digital Signal Processing Copyright ?2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved. FIGURE 11-32 Spectrum of sinusoid using rectangular windows of different lengths. Joyce Van de VegteFundamentals of Digital Signal Processing Copyright ?2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved. FIGURE 11-32 Spectrum of sinusoid using rectangular windows of different lengths. Joyce Van de VegteFundamentals of Digital Signal Processing Copyright ?2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved. 对于特性不随时间变化的信号,窗口越长对频谱的近似越好.对一定的采样频率,窗加长,DFT的分辨率改善,标志正弦频率的峰变窄; 而窗口越短,峰越宽. 所有对数频谱表明旁瓣值大约比主峰值小13dB.这些旁瓣就是频谱泄漏的实例.窗函数的边沿越陡峭,泄漏越大.频谱泄漏有时又称为振铃.它是由采样信号的频谱和窗的频谱卷积引起的.可用边界平滑的窗来减小振铃. FIGURE 11-33 Spectrum of sinusoid using nonrectangular windows. Joyce Van de VegteFundamentals of Digital Signal Processing Copyright ?2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved. FIGURE 11-33 Spectrum of sinusoid using nonrectangular windows. Joyce Van de VegteFundamentals of Digital Signal Processing Copyright ?2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved. FIGURE 11-33 Spectrum of sinusoid using nonrectangular windows. Joyce Van de VegteFundamentals of Digital Signal Processing Copyright ?2002 by Pearson Educati
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