独立主格结构讲解试题.ppt

独立主格 独立主格结构 独立主格结构的模式是： 主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语(作逻辑主语） （作逻辑谓语） 1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 2. The question settled, we went home. 3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible. 主格名词/代词+分词 (过去分词/现在分词） 独立主格结构： 独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）.它在句法上游离与句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何语法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，给他构成一个完整的寓意环境。独立主格结构有主语和位于，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构式。 独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号上与主句隔开。 三、独立主格结构的功能 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，七作用相当于一个撰于从句，常用来辨识时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。 1）表示时间 Her work done ,she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 2）表示条件 The condition being favourable , she may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。 3）表示原因 There being taxis , we had to walk.没有出坐车，我们只好步行。 4）表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors ,silver the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。 主格名词/代词 + 形容词 1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her. 2. Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress. 主格名词/代词 + 副词 The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home. 主格名词/代词 + 不定式 主格名词/代词 +介词短语 Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. with复合结构 与 独立主格结构 它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。 with复合结构的模式是： with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 独立主格结构的模式是： 主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 一、作时间状语 1、With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. =Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. 2、With the traffic light green, the bus got moving. =The traffic light green, the bus got moving. 二、作原因状语 1、With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves. = The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves. 2、With the key having been lost, she could not enter the room. = The key having been lost, she could not enter the room. 三、作条件状语 1、