生态学资料剖析.docVIP

生态学 一、名词解释 1、Ecology（生态学）：The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environments. 2、Ecosystem（生态系统）：The biotic community together with the abiotic factors; all the interactions within the biotic community and between the abiotic factors. 3、Environment（环境）：The sum total of physical and biotic conditions influencing the responses organisms 4、Ecological factors（生态因子）：Ecological factors refers to the growth of organisms in the growth, development, reproduction, behavior and distribution environmental factors have a direct or indirect influence 5、Ecological amplitude（生态幅）：Each kind of environmental factor to adapt the size of that ecological amplitude range 6、Population（种群）：a group of organisms of the same type, or species, living together in the same area 7、Population growth（种群增长）：the number of individuals in a population increases or decreases with time 8、Age structure（年龄结构）：the proportions of each individual in each age class. 9、Life table（生命表）：A life table is an age-specific account of mortality (Life table provide a summary of how survial and reproductive rates vary with the age of the organisms.) 10、Intrinsic rate of increase（内禀增长率）：The difference between birth rate and death rate is the intrinsic growth rate内禀增长率(r) (instantaneous per capita rate of growth瞬时人均增长率). 11、Ecological strategy（生态策略）：Ecological Strategy (life history Strategy) describe the anatomical, physiological and behavioural adaptations control how individuals invest in reproduction and self-maintenance in response to their environmental conditions 12、S-curve（”s”型曲线）：Natural mechanisms come into play and cause the population to level off and continue in a dynamic equilibrium. This pattern is known as the S-curve 13、J-curve（”J”型曲线）：In the absence of natural enemies, the population keeps growing until it exhausts essential resources - usually food - and then dies off precipitously due to famine and, perhaps, diseases related to malnutrition. This pattern is know