膝关解剖.pptVIP

Knee Anatomy Training Knee Anatomy Introduction 介绍 Very little bony stability 少的骨稳定 Behaves more like a round ball on flat surface运动主要是球在面上的滑动 Ligaments responsible for stability主要韧带稳定 Knee Anatomy Looks simple, but most complex. 看似简单，最复杂的关节 More likely to be injured than any other joint in the body 人体中更易受伤的关节 Largest joint of the body, actually consisting of 4 joints人体大关结，有4个关节组成 Patellofemoral膑股关节, Lateral tibio femoral外侧胫股关节, Medial tibio femoral内侧胫股关节, Tibiofibular胫腓关节 Knee Anatomy Basic Structures基本组织 Bones骨 Femur股骨, Tibia胫骨, Fibula腓骨, Patella 膑骨 Muscles/ Tendons 肌肉及肌腱 Quadriceps四头肌, Hamstrings, Calf muscles Ligaments 韧带 Medial collateral内侧副韧带, Lateral collateral外侧副韧带, Anterior cruciate前交叉, Posterior cruciate后交叉, Popliteal ligament, Retinaculum Cartilage软骨 Meniscus半月板, Articular cartilage 关节软骨 Bursae Knee Bones Bones Femur股骨 Large/long bone of the thigh 大长骨 Tibia 胫骨 Large bone of the lower leg. Fibula 腓骨 Small bone of the lower leg. Patella膑骨 “Knee Cap” Knee Bones: Anterior View Femur, Tibia, Patella Knee Bones: Function Knee Bones: Lat/med Views Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella Knee Bones: Posterior View Femur, Tibia, Fibula Primary Knee Ligaments主要的膝韧带 Knee Ligaments Knee Ligaments Cruciate Knee Ligaments (cruciate=cross)十字韧带 Anterior Cruciate Ligament前交叉韧带 Attaches anterior on the tibia posterolateral on the femur附着于胫骨前部股骨后部 Prevents anterior movement of the tibia on the femur防止胫骨相对股骨的前移 Checks external rotation of the tibia in flexion曲屈时防止胫骨外旋 Knee: Cruciate Ligaments Knee: ACL ACL “Footprint前交叉胫骨附着点” Tibial attachment Posterior Cruciate后交叉韧带、 Attaches Posterior on the tibia Antero- medial on the femur.附着于胫骨后股骨前内 The PCL is a strong fan shaped ligament that is the strongest in the body后叉强大的扇形韧带 Primary stabilizer against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur防止胫骨后移 Helps check the knee in extension防止过伸 Knee: Cruciates Knee Hinge joint - flexion extension.铰链式关节-屈和伸 Flexion is achieved by contracting the hamstring muscles in the bac