重邮大学物理英文版PPT.pptVIP

If a particle undergoes SHM with amplitude 0.15m, what is the total distance it travels in one period? How could you double the max speed of a SHO? * Chapter 1 Mechanical vibration/ Oscillatory motion Examples of oscillatory motion: a.The motion of a pendulum b.The vibration of a stringed musical instrument c.The molecules oscillating about their equilibrium positions d.The electromagnetic waves What is mechanical vibration? The periodic motion of mechanical systems. The reciprocating motion of a body about a certain position. A body doing mechanical vibration might be considered as a particle. This particle is usually called a vibrator. Equilibrium position: the position where the net force on the vibrator equals zero. Harmonic vibration :The displacement of the vibrator away from the equilibrium position is a cosine or sine function. The damping: the friction force, viscous force of the medium and other resistance acted on the vibrator Harmonic vibration Un-damped harmonic vibration Forced vibration Simple harmonic vibration §1-1 Simple harmonic vibration The force that acts on the vibrator is proportional to the displacement of the vibrator from the equilibrium position and is always directed toward the equilibrium position. The force is also called restoring force. 1. Examples of simple harmonic vibration 1) The level spring vibrator 2) The vertical spring vibrator The net force on the vibrator: At point O: 3) The simple pendulum Because the angle is very small Small angle approximation )θ 4) The physical / compound pendulum )θ The torque about O provided by the gravity is: Small angle approximation Quasi-elastic coefficient 2. Simple harmonic vibration function/ mathematical Presentation of simple harmonic motion Newton’s second law In harmonic vibration: Assuming: The dynamical equation of simple harmonic oscillator Solve the equation, we have: Generally: or: We often use the cosine function. For the physical pendulum: Simple harmonic vib