机器零件机械类英语考试.doc

Mechanical?Components? ?机械零件 ?Shaft? Solid?Shaft??AS?a?machine?computer,?a?shaft?is?commonly?a?cylindrical?bar?that?supports?and?rotates?with?devices?for?receiving?and?delivering?rotary?motion?and?torque.? Flexible?Shaft??Compared?with?solid?shafts,?flexible?shafts?can?be?bent?too?much?smaller?radii?without?being?overstressed.? 1.?轴? 实心轴：作为一个机械零件，它通常是一根圆柱形的棒，它支撑各种装置并随其旋转，借以接受和传递旋转运动及转矩。? 柔性轴：与实心轴相比，它可以弯曲至更小的半径而不会产生过应力。 2.?Shaft?Accessories? Keys,?Splines,?and?Pins??The?primary?purpose?of?keys,?splines,?and?pins?is?to?prevent?relative?rotary?movement.? A?commonly?used?type?of?key?has?a?square?cross?section?and?is?sunken?half?in?the?shaft?and?half?in?the?hub?of?the?other?member.?Another?common?type?of?key?has?a?rectangular?cross?section?with?a?depth?to?width?ratio?0.75.Both?of?these?keys?may?either?be?straight?or?tapered?in?depth.? Splines?are?permanent?keys?integral?with?the?shaft,?fitting?in?key?ways?cut?in?the?hub.?The?dimensions?of?spline?fittings?are?standardizes?for?both?permanent?(press)?fits?and?sliding?fits.? Tapered?circular?pins?can?be?used?to?restrain?shaft-mounted?members?from?both?axial?and?rotational?movement. ?2.轴的附件? 键、花键和销：键、花键和销的主要用途是阻止零件之间相对转动。?一种常用类型的键有正方形截面，且一半陷入轴里而一半则在另一半的轮毂里。另一类常见的键有深宽比为0.75的矩形截面。这两种类型键可以是直的，也可以在高度上有锥度。? 花键是与轴做成一体的永久键，与轮毂里切出的键槽相配合。静配合和动配合的花键配合尺寸都已标准化。? 有锥度的圆销可用于限制安装在轴上的元件作轴向运动和旋转运动。 ?3.?Clutches? A?clutch?is?a?device?for?quickly?and?easily?connecting?or?disconnecting?a?rotary?shaft?with?a?rotating?coaxial?shaft.?Clutches?are?usually?placed?between?the?input?to?a?machine?and?the?output?shaft?from?the?driving?motor,?and?provide?a?convenient?means?for?starting?and?stopping?the?machine?and?permitting?the?driver?or?engine?to?be?started?in?an?unload?state.? A?mechanical?clutch?may?provide?either?a?positive?drive?with?no?slip?or?the?torque?transmitted?may?depend?on?friction.? 3.离合器? 离合器是一种可快速方便地接合或分离一个转轴和另一个旋转着的同心轴的组件。离合器通常安装在机器的输入轴和驱动马达的输出轴之间，它提供了启动和停止机器的一种方便而快捷的方法，同时允许驱动马达或发动机在空载状态下启动。? 机械离合器既可提供无滑动的强制传动又可依靠摩擦而传输转矩。 4.?Screws? Scr