《医学免疫学教学资料》免疫耐受.pptVIP

口服免疫原 静脉注射抗原 移植骨髓及胸腺 转染基因 脱敏治疗 防止感染 诱导产生具有特异拮抗作用的调节性细胞 自身抗原肽拮抗剂的使用 建立耐受的方法 Th2 Th1 打破耐受的意义： 肿瘤的治疗 慢性感染性疾病的治疗 免疫原及免疫应答分子用于肿瘤患者的治疗 抗免疫抑制分子及调节性T细胞用于肿瘤免疫治疗 细胞因子及其抗体的合理使用: IFN-γ, TGF-βAb 多重抗感染措施，防止病原体产生抗原拮抗分子 打破耐受的方法 思考题 1、免疫耐受、克隆清除、免疫忽视的概念 2、免疫耐受的形成机制 3、打破和诱导免疫耐受的方法 * He and his collaborators Brent and Billingham under the hypothesis that early exposure to foreign antigens might facilitate tolerance induction performed this experiment. * * Clonal deletion: Functionally immature cells of a clone encountering antigen undergo a programmed cell death. For example, auto-reactive T-cell are eliminated in the thymus following interaction with self antigen during their differentiation (negative selection). Clonal deletion has been shown to occur also in the periphery. B cells expressing only IgM (no IgD) on their surface when exposed to antigen are eliminated. * Induction of tolerance in T cells is easier and requires relatively smaller amounts of tolerogen than tolerance in B cells. Maintenance of immunological tolerance requires persistence of antigen. Tolerance can be broken naturally (as in autoimmune diseases) or artificially (as shown in experimental animals, by x?irradiation, certain drug treatments and by exposure to cross reactive antigens). Tolerance may be induced to all epitopes or only some epitopes on an antigen and Tolerance to a single antigen may exist at B cell level or T cells level or at both levels. 免疫耐受 Immunological Tolerance (p151-160) 免疫系统对自身或者外来抗原所表现的一种特异性的无应答状态。 特性： 抗原特异性 诱导性 转移性 非遗传性 免疫耐受Immunological tolerance 免疫耐受：对特定抗原的免疫不应答状态， 有抗原特异性； 免疫抑制：外因作用下，对抗原的普遍无反 应状态，无抗原特异性； 免疫缺陷：免疫功能障碍，对外来抗原低反 应或无反应，无抗原特异性。 免疫缺陷 免疫抑制 耐受原（Tolerogen）：可诱导机体产生免疫耐受的抗原。 免疫系统能够区分“自我”与“非我”； 对自身抗原耐受，避免发生自身免疫病。 无特异性 一、免疫耐受的