2TheAcientsScholarstics.pptVIP

1. Pre-classical economics 1.1 The Ancients and the Scholastics Xenophon色诺芬 (about 444BC to 357BC ) Xenophon (about 444-357BC ) an Athenian, a pupil of Socrates Aristotle 亚里士多德(384-322 BC) Aristotle (384-322 BC) Son of a court physician to King Amyntas of Macedonia Thomas Aquinas托马斯·阿奎那(1225-1274)  Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) Born in an Italian noble family Four Themes Property the Franciscans : The Thomists :. Four Themes Property the Franciscans : be against, opposed The Thomists : support a conventional human arrangement with no moral implications ; the nice side-effect of stimulating economic activity and thus general welfare. justice in economic exchange Aristotle: justice in economic exchange Aristotle: depend on the intrinsic worth money usury Oppose: money usury Oppose: money has no intrinsic value—lose nothing—no interest should be extract * * the Ancients Aristotle Xenophon Thomas Aquinas the Scholastics general of the Persian prince – Cyrus 401BC Xenophon expedition supporter for Sparta to battle with Athens 394BC Sentenced exile by Athens, while given property by Sparta 369BC, remitted by Athens, never returned to Athens again An un-obedient student of Plato (Athens ) the tutor of the world conqueror Alexander (Macedon) Founder of the Lyceum School--the peripatetics (to walk about) (Athens ) Fled from Athens and died after the death of Alexander Early education in monastery(修道院) A person with strong will The Summa Theologica –encyclopedia of the Christian property justice in economic exchange money usury property justice in economic exchange money usury What is intrinsic worth? How does the price should be? What is intrinsic worth? Order of appearance in the Bible Not human needs, but usefulness to men How does the price should be? Cost of production: competition, monopoly Exchange-established price: supply demand