螺栓连接接口阻尼特性的实验研究.pdfVIP

第八届全国振动理论及应用学术会议论文集，上海，2003 年 11 月 螺栓连接接口阻尼特性的实验研究 付俊庆，荣见华 (长沙交通学院汽车与机电工程系，湖南长沙，410076) 摘 要：为了比较螺栓连接整体接口的阻尼特性，针对接触面为钢（通常情况）和接触面有橡胶垫的两种 情况，分别在 4 种不同螺栓预紧载荷水平下，采用冲击实验的方法，同时测量螺栓上下连接部件的加速度 响应，借助参数模型，对响应曲线进行拟合来确定接口的动力学参数。拟合结果表明：对于钢接触面，整 体接口的固有频率随螺栓预紧载荷水平的提高而单调增大，接口的损失因子 （等效结构阻尼系数）随螺栓 预紧载荷水平的提高而呈非线性变化，这种非线性变化的趋势是，随螺栓预紧载荷水平的增加，损失因子 曲线存在一个拐点。在拐点以前和以后，损失因子的变化趋势分别为单调增大和单调减小。对有橡胶垫的 接触面，接口的固有频率随螺栓预紧载荷水平的提高则呈现出非线性变化，其变化趋势与橡胶材料的压缩 特性相一致。接口的损失因子要远大于钢接触面的情况，随螺栓预紧载荷水平的提高而呈非线性变化，其 相对变化范围为最大损失因子的 20%左右。本实验研究的结果表明：给螺栓接口的接触面添加橡胶阻尼材 料，有利于提高接口的阻尼特性和结构的减振和隔振性能。 关键词：螺栓连接，阻尼特性，固有频率，动力学参数 Experimental Study on the Damping Characteristics in Bolted Joints FU Jun-qing, RONG Jian-hua (Dept. of Automobile Mechanical and Electrical Eng.Changsha Communications UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China, 410076) Abstract: In order to compare the damping characteristics of steel contact surface and rubber gasket surface in a bolted joint, by means of exciting of a impacting hammer, the accelerations of the upper part and lower part of a bolted joint and impacting force are simultaneously measured under the 4 levels of pre-tightening, then the dynamic parameters of the bolted joint are identified by linear fit of response curves according to a parameter model. The identified results indicate that for steel surface, the natural frequencies increase as the level of pre-tightening of bolted joint, the loss factors vary non-linearly as the pre-tightening load, the varying trend is that 作者简介：付俊庆（1954-），男，湖南石门人，副教授，硕士。 1 there is a turning point on the curve of loss factor as the pre-tightening load increase, before and after the point, the loss factor monotonously increases and decreases respectively. And for rubber gasket surface