Lipid Rafts Presentation.pptxVIP

Three decades of Questions on Lipid Rafts Whitney Stutts 1 Outline What are lipid rafts? Why do they form? What methods are used to study lipid rafts? What effects do they have on eukaryotes? Why all the controversy? 2 What are lipid rafts? “Lipid rafts are small (10-200nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.” ~ 2006 Keystone Symposium 3 What are lipid rafts? Cholesterol and sphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains or platforms Cholesterol levels double Sphingomyelin levels elevated by 50% Concentrate and segregate proteins within the plane of the bilayer More ordered and tightly packed than surrounding bilayer Float freely in Lc bilayer 4 Video Lipid Rafts /anim_innerlife.html 5 Two types of lipid rafts Caveolae: small, flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane enriched in caveolin Planar lipid rafts: found in neurons and enriched in flotillin Caleolin and flotillin recruit signaling proteins Signaling can be promoted or dampened 6 Raft Proteins “True resident proteins” GPI-anchored proteins-prion protein (PrPc) Caveolin Flotillin Signaling proteins G-protein, non-receptor tyrosine kinases Cytoskeletal/Adhesion proteins actin, myosin, vinculin, cofilin, cadherin, ezrin 7 Why do they form? 8 Why do they form? Cholesterol Cholesterol is the dynamic “glue” that holds the raft together Saturation Hydroxyl H-bonding with amide Up to 25% of cholesterol is found in the brain…CNS? When removed, most proteins dissociate from rafts 9 Misconception Rafts contain only phospholipids with fully saturated acyl chains….FALSE! Most glycerophospholipids in membrane rafts contain at least one monounsaturated acyl chain Sphygomyelin- usually saturated chains but when unsaturated the DB is located at C15 10 Why do rafts form? Driving force- line tension: energy required to create a boundary between the raft and the surrounding membrane Raft thickness Hydrophobic mismatch contra