从属结构.docVIP

从属结构(一) 按照层次分析法，英语的语法结构通常是由紧邻的下一层次的结构组成。如果一个语法结构含有同一层次甚至高一层次的结构为其直接成分，这种现象叫做“从属”(Subordination)。例如The man with a gun in his hand；the man who was holding a gunin his hand。从属于其他语法结构的结构叫做“从属结构”(Subor—dinate Construction)。从属结构可以是一个限定分句、非限定分句或无动词分句，也可以(Finite Subordinate Clause)。 31．1并列与从属 并列与从属是两种不同的连接手段。从语义上看，两个分句所表示的意义，在说话人看来，如果具有同等的重要性，就可以把它们并列起来，连成一个并列句。例如： The rain stopped，and the sun came out． When the rain stopped，the sun came out． 1)从属是语义上分清主次的手段 作为语义上分清主次的手段，所谓从属就是把次要的思想内容置于结构上的从属地位，从而突出句子的主要思想。有多种多样的从属方法：一种方法是把次要的思想内容置于限定从属分句。例如： Before she could answer the telephone，it stopped ringin9． John，who comes ore a large，lower-class family，enrolledin college this fall． Expecting trouble，the guards were fully armed． ， To emphasize his discontent with the U．S．stand，PrimeMinister Ecevit once again threatened to shut down U．S．bases and lower Turkey’S contribution to NAT0 forces． Injured in saving their baby from an oncoming automobile，ayoung man and his wife are in critical condition in City—County Hospital today． Curious about their new neighbours，the Johnsons went andvisited them at the first opportunity． The house at the end of the street was designed by Palladi0． Mr Edwards，the manager of the store，is the city councilman．在这里，我们首先谈一谈限定从属分句的使用。比如下面有两句话： We are prepared to make certain concessions．We find it hard to put up with the loss． Although|Though|Even though／While we find it hard to put up with the loss，we are prepared to make certazn C0咒一cessions． Although|Though|Even though|While we are prepared tomake certain concessions，wend it hard to put up with{the loss． but／still连接的并列结构来表达。这种句式的语义重心仍在后半部： We find it hard to put up with the loss，but／still we are pre—pared to make certain concessions． We are prepared to make certain concessions， but／ still wefind it hard to put up with the loss． 2)从属连词 由上述(Subordi—nat0，)引导的。现代英语的从属连词，就词的构成来说，分为简单从属连词(Simple Subordinator)、复杂从属连词(Complex Subordi_nator)、关联从属连词(Correlative Subordinator)和边际从属连词(Marginal Subordin