kc第讲-数据库设计(二)其它方面知识.pptVIP

第7讲: (第6章) 数据库设计(二): 数据库设计的其它方面 重庆大学计算机学院 Reduction to Relation Schemas E-R图是数据库系统设计的概念设计阶段，之后我们还需要进行逻辑设计和物理设计。 如何将E-R图模型转化为关系模式是逻辑设计的任务。 Primary keys allow entity sets and relationship sets to be expressed uniformly as relation schemas that represent the contents of the database. A database which conforms to an E-R diagram can be represented by a collection of schemas. For each entity set and relationship set there is a unique schema that is assigned the name of the corresponding entity set or relationship set. Each schema has a number of columns (generally corresponding to attributes), which have unique names. Representing Entity Sets as Schemas 强实体集的表示：A strong entity set reduces to a schema with the same attributes. (产生一新关系模式) 实体的键?关系的键 弱实体集的表示：A weak entity set becomes a table that includes a column for the primary key of the identifying strong entity set (产生一新关系模式) 主实体的键+弱实体的偏键?关系的键 Example： payment = ( loan_number, payment_number, payment_date, payment_amount ) Representing Relationship Sets(n:m) as Schemas n:m联系的表示：A many-to-many relationship set is represented as a schema with attributes for the primary keys of the two participating entity sets, and any descriptive attributes of the relationship set. (产生一新模式) Example: schema for relationship set borrower borrower = (customer_id, loan_number ) Redundancy of Schemas(1:n1:1,完全参与时) Redundancy of Schemas (其它情形) 1:n联系为部分参与时：If participation is partial on the “many” side, replacing a schema by an extra attribute in the schema corresponding to the “many” side could result in null values 例子：雇员-部门经理 (n:1) ， 某员工不属于任何部门 雇员(姓名，工种，参加工作时间) 部门经理(部门，经理) 雇员(姓名，工种，参加工作时间，部门) 添加的额外属性(可取Null) 弱实体联系：The schema corresponding to a relationship set linking a weak entity set to its identifying strong entity set is redundant. Example: The payment schema already contains the attributes that would appear in the loan_payment schem