信号完整性分析课件 Physical basis of Capacitance.pptVIP

Ch5. The Physical Basis of Capacitance Mu-Shui Zhang Sun Yat-Sen Univ. 5.1 Current Flow in Capacitors 5.3 Parallel Plate Approximation 5.4 Dielectric Constant 5.5 Power and Ground Planes and Decoupling Capacitance 5.6 Capacitance per Length 5.8 Effective Dielectric Constant 5.9 The Bottom Line A capacitor is physically made up of two conductors and between every two conductors there is some capacitance. T I P The capacitance between any two conductors is basically a measure of their capacity to store charge at the cost of a voltage between them. The capacitance of the pair of conductors is the ratio of the amount of charge stored on each conductor per voltage between them: The actual capacitance between two conductors is determined by their geometry and the material properties of any dielectrics nearby. It is completely independent of the voltage applied. Capacitance plays a key role in describing how signals interact with interconnects and is one of the four fundamental ideal circuit elements used to model interconnects. T I P What makes capacitance so subtle is that even though there may be no direct wire connection between two conductors, which might be two different signal traces, there will always be some capacitance between them. This capacitance will allow a current flow in some cases, which can contribute to cross talk and other signal-integrity problems. By understanding the physical nature of capacitance, we will be able to see with our mind’s eye this sneak path for current flow. T I P Capacitance is also a measure of how much current we can get through a pair of conductors when the voltage between them changes. A very common approximation is the parallel plate approximation. For the case of two flat plates, as shown in Figure 5-2, separated by a distance, h, with total area, A, with just air between the plates, the capacitance is given by: T I P This relationship points out the important geometrical features for all capacitors. The farther apart the cond