Chapter7Thermochemistry.pptVIP

General Chemistry: Chapter 7 Chemistry 140 Fall 2002 Chapter 7: Thermochemistry Philip Dutton University of Windsor, Canada Prentice-Hall ? 2002 Contents 6-1 Getting Started: Some Terminology System Surroundings Terminology Energy, U The capacity to do work. Work Force acting through a distance. Kinetic Energy The energy of motion. Energy Potential Energy Energy due to condition, position, or composition. Associated with forces of attraction or repulsion between objects. Energy can change from potential to kinetic. Energy and Temperature Thermal Energy Kinetic energy associated with random molecular motion. In general proportional to temperature. An intensive property. Heat and Work q and w. Energy changes. Heat Energy transferred between a system and its surroundings as a result of a temperature difference. Heat flows from hotter to colder. Temperature may change. Phase may change (an isothermal process). Units of Heat Calorie (cal) The quantity of heat required to change the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. Joule (J) SI unit for heat Heat Capacity The quantity of heat required to change the temperature of a system by one degree. Molar heat capacity. System is one mole of substance. Specific heat capacity, c. System is one gram of substance Heat capacity Mass ? specific heat. Conservation of Energy In interactions between a system and its surroundings the total energy remains constant— energy is neither created nor destroyed. Determination of Specific Heat 7-3 Heats of Reaction and Calorimetry Chemical energy. Contributes to the internal energy of a system. Heat of reaction, qrxn. The quantity of heat exchanged between a system and its surroundings when a chemical reaction occurs within the system, at constant temperature. Heats of Reaction Exothermic reactions. Produces heat, qrxn 0. Endothermic reactions. Consumes heat, qrxn 0. Calorimeter A device for measuring quantities of heat. Bomb Calorimeter Example 7-3 Example 7-3 Examp