EffectsofCO2-inducedpHreductionontheexoskeleton.docVIP

Effects of CO2-induced pH reduction on the exoskeleton structure and biophotonic properties of the shrimp Lysmata californica Taylor, J. R. A., Gilleard, J. M., Allen, M. G. Deheyn, D. D. Supplementary Information Methods Animals: The red rock shrimp, Lysmata californica (Caridea: Hippolytidae), was selected because it is locally abundant and easy to collect and maintain in aquaria, making it a good experimental model. L. californica shares characteristics of many other common shrimp, such as occupying shallow water benthic habitats, possessing habitat-specific coloration patterns, and participating in symbiotic relationships with other animals. L. californica inhabit rocks and crevices in low intertidal and subtidal zones from California to Galapagos Islands1, in areas that regularly experience upwelling. They provide cleaning services to fish by removing parasites, and are often found in association with moray eels. Their bodies are semi-translucent with bright red bands (Fig. S1). Figure S1. The red rock shrimp, Lysmata californica. Photograph courtesy of D. D. Deheyn and M. C. Allen. Water chemistry: Water pH, salinity, and total alkalinity were measured for both ambient pH and reduced pH aquaria by the Dickson laboratory at SIO. Bicarbonate (HCO3-), carbonate (CO32-), pCO2, and the saturation states (Ω) of calcite and aragonite were then calculated from these parameters using CO2calc [Robbins et al., 2010] with constants from Merhbach et al.2 refit by Dickson and Millero3 (Table S1). Table S1. Means and standard deviations of water parameters over the course of the experiment. Measured parameters are noted with an asterisk. All other parameters were calculated using CO2calc. pH* Salinity* Total* alkalinity (μmol kg-1) HCO3 (μmol kg-1) CO3 (μmol kg-1) pCO2 (μatm) Ω Ca Ω Ar Ambient pH 7.99 (0.04) 33.631 (0.019) 2234.95 (5.07) 1869 (8.5) 148 (2.6) 462 (11) 3.57 (0.06) 2.31 (0.04) Reduced pH 7.53 (0.06) 33.629 (0.024) 2234.24 (4.45) 2066 (16) 68