Carbohydrate metabolism-wxh1-1.pptVIP

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose can be abbreviated as Glc(α1-2β)Fru, (or Fru(β2-1a)Glc), Gal(β1-4)Glc, and Glc(α1-4)Glc, respectively. Both lactose and maltose have a free anomericcarbonC 1 (not involved in glycosidic bond) that can be oxidized, thus being reducing sugars. The end of an oligo- and polysaccharide having a free anomeric carbon is called the reducing end. Sucrose does not have a reducing end (the anomeric carbons of both saccharide units are involved in glycosidic bond!). The three disaccharides can be hydrolyzed into two monosaccharide units by specific sucrase (also called invertase), lactase (β-galactosidase in bacteria), and maltase existing on the outer surface of epithelial cells lining of the small intestines. (milk allergy is due to lack of lactase in the intestines). Glycogen and starch are mobilizable stores of glucose in animals and plants respectively. Glycogen (mainly in liver and skeleton muscles) is a polymer of (a1-4) linked glucose units with (a1-6) linked branches (occurring about once every 10 glucose residues). Starch can be linear or branched polymers of glucose, called amylose and amylopectin, respectively. Amylose consists of D-glucose residues in (a1-4) linkage. Amylopectin has about one (a1-6) branch per 30 (a1-4) linkages. Amylopectin is like glycogen except for its lower degree of branching. II. polysaccharides 直链淀粉 Each amylose has one nonreducing one and one reducing one, but each amylopectin and glycogen has one reducing end and many nonreducing ends. Starch and glycogen ingested in the diet are hydrolyzed by α-amylase (present in saliva and intestinal juice) that break the a1,4 glycosidic linkages between glucose units. (starting from the nonreducing ends). The end of an oligo- and polysaccharide having a free anomeric carbon is called the reducing end. Carbohydrate metabolism Wang Xiuhong Department of biochemistry and molecular biology, Harbin Medical University Section 1 Overview Learning objectives Concept of carbohy