Cognitive Task Analysis for Teams.pptVIP

October 11, 2002 Nancy Cooke Cognitive Task Analysis for Teams Nancy J. Cooke New Mexico State University CTA Resource On-line Seminar October 11, 2002 Acknowledgements NMSU Faculty: Peter Foltz NMSU Post Doc: Brian Bell NMSU Graduate Students: Janie DeJoode, Jamie Gorman, Preston Kiekel, Rebecca Keith, Melanie Martin, Harry Pedersen US Positioning, LLC: Steven Shope UCF: Eduardo Salas, Clint Bowers Sponsors: Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Office of Naval Research, NASA Ames Research Center, Army Research Laboratory Overview What is team cognition? QA “Shared” mental models QA Holistic CTA for teams Conclusions QA What is Team Cognition? Team Cognition in Practice Experimental Context Defining Team Defining Team Cognition It is more than the sum of the cognition of individual team members. It emerges from the interplay of the individual cognition of each team member and team process behaviors Team Knowledge Long-term knowledge Taskwork Teamwork Fleeting Knowledge (i.e., momentary understanding, situation model) Taskwork Teamwork Measurement Limitations Measures tend to assume homogeneous teams Measures tend to target collective level Aggregation methods are limited Measures are needed that target the more dynamic and fleeting knowledge Measures are needed that target different types of long-term team knowledge A broader range of knowledge elicitation methods is needed A need for streamlined and embedded measures Newly developed measures require validation Other Related Work Group Think (Janis, 1972) Distributed Cognition (Hutchins, 1991) Common Ground in Discourse (Clark Schaefer, 1987; Wilkes-Gibbs Clark 1992 ) Group Decision Support (Fulk, Schmitz, Ryu, 1995) Social Decision Schemes (Davis, 1973; Hinsz, 1999) Transactive Memory (Wegner, 1986) Shared Mental Models (Cannon-Bowers, Salas, Converse, 1993) Why Do We Care? Outcome measures of team performance do not reveal why performance is effective or ineffective Te