2015《非谓语动词》课件(共12张PPT).ppt

语法专项--非谓语动词 一、动词不定式 （一）构成：1.肯定形式：to + v 2.否定形式：not to + v (二）句法功能： 1.主语： eg: (1) To speak English is not easy for us. =It is not easy for us ____ ______ English. (2) It is necessary for them to practice more. = _____ ________ ________ is necessary for them. 不定式充当主语时，常常用it代（放到句首），而把真正的不 定式放在后面。 2.表语： eg: (3)My work is to clean the room every day. =To clean the room every day is my work. (4)Your duty is to collect information. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。 to speak To practice more 3.宾语： eg: (5)He likes to play basketball. (6)I want to go fishing with you on weekends. 动词不定式只能作某些及物动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 want, refuse, wish, need, choose, hope, agree, try, begin, offer, would like to等动词后只能跟不定式作宾语。 4.宾补： eg: (7)She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class. (8)I heard her cry in the next room just now. 在make, let, have, see, hear, watch等使役动词、感官动 词后，不定式省略to。但在变为被动句时应加上to。 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would, encourage后常跟不定式作宾补。 5.定语： eg: (9)Have you anything to say? (10)I need a room to live in. 不定式作定语，位于中心词之后；若作定语的不定式为不及物动词，且与中心词之间有动宾关系，要在该动词后加上适当的介词（如例10）。 6.状语： eg: (11)I’m sorry to trouble you.（表原因） (12)I went there to study English.（表目的） 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 （三）常见的一些与不带to的不定式连用的词组、句型： 1. Why not + do …? 2. had better (not) do… 3. would rather do… 4. Could/Would/Will you please (not) do…? （四）特殊疑问词+不定式 不定式可以和疑问代词(who, whom, whose what, which,) 、疑问副词(when, where, how, why)连用构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 eg: (13)Please tell me what to do next. (14)I didn’t know where to go. 二、动名词 （一）构成：v+-ing (二）句法功能： 1.主语： eg: (15) Feeding animals is my job. =My job is feeding animals. (16) Eating too much is bad for your health. 2.宾语： （1）动词的宾语：（17）He likes dancing/singing. (2) 介词的宾语： (18) Cookers are used for cooking. (19) Jim is good at painting. 常见的带动名词作宾语