【英语】虚拟语气重点攻略.doc

【英语】虚拟语气重点攻略 虚拟语气总体可分为两类：即需用should do should可以省略的和需要分现在，过去和将来三种情况的。如宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句等属于前者，而if虚拟条件句，wish，would rather，as if，属于后者。还有一些特殊的如；it’s high time that从句要用过去时，或should do should不省略等。★ 语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，疑问语气，虚拟语气。?虚拟语气定义：虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望、假设或建议等。?虚拟语气的学习重点：?1. 虚拟语气的在条件句中的基本用法和四个基本情态动词的用法。?2. 虚拟语气的倒装。（if条件句中中有had, should, were时，if省略，had，should，were前置）。?3. 两种错综虚拟语气。?4. 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气。?5. 过去的计划，打算，愿望等未曾实现时的虚拟语气。?6. 特殊句型中的虚拟语气：两个。重点为wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气及as if和as though从句中虚拟语气的表示法。?7. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用。即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的名词性从句。?8. 不清晰条件的虚拟语气。?★★★虚拟语气在条件句中的用法列表如下：?相关时态 主句形式 从句形式 例句?与现在事实相反 Should\would\could\might+do（动词原形） 过去式（be动词各人称都用were）If I were you, I should \would make full use of my time to study.?与过去事实相反 Should\would\could\might+have done（动词过去分词） Had+done(过去分词)?If you had come earlier, you would have met him.?与将来事实相反 Should\would\could\might+do（动词原形） 1.过去式（be动词各人称都用were） 2. should+动词原形 3. were to +动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.?★★★注意四个情态动词的用法：?1. 若表示在某一假设的条件下，必然而然就会发生某事，第一人称可用should或would, 而二、三人称只用would.2. 若表示在某一假设条件下就能够干某事，各人称都用could.?3. 如果表示在某种假设条件下有可能会发生某事，各人称都用might.?★★★虚拟语气倒装?请看典型考题：__________ your address，I would have written to you.?A. Did I know B. Were I to know C. Had I known D. If I should know?此题应选 C。这是虚拟语气的倒装形式。当虚拟条件句中含有 were，had，should，could等动词时，可以将if省略，然后将 were，had，should，could 等词移至句首：?1. If he should fail，he would kill himself. →Should he fail，he would kill himself. 万一失败，他就会自杀。?2. If I were you，I would do it at once. →Were I you，I would do it at once. 假若我是你，我就会马上做。?3. If I could do it，I would. →Could I do it，I would. 要是我能做此事，我一定会做。?4. If he had seen you yesterday，he would haveasked you about it.?→Had he seen you yesterday，he would haveasked you about it. 他昨天要是看到了你，他就会问你这事了。注意：顺便说一句，以上移至句首的 had不一定是助动词，如果是实义动词也可倒装：?5. If he had money，he would buy a car. Had he money，he would buy a car. 他要是有钱，他就会买一辆小车。?将下列倒装句恢复正常：?a. Were it not fo