英语虚拟语气最全讲解.pptVIP

情态动词auxiliaries 动词时态tense 动词语态passive voice (active sentence and passive sentence) 动词不定式infinitive 动名词gerund 分词-ing participle and –ed participle 虚拟语气subjunctive mood 句法 There be 结构existential sentence It 的用法 it-patterns 主语和谓语的一致subject-verb concord 独立主格结构 dangling participles 倒装inversion 简单句与并列句simple and compound sentence 复合句complex sentence 省略ellipsis 虚拟语气 1 语气概述 在英语中，随着说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度不同，谓语动词就用不同的形式，即称为语气。英语语气有三种：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。 虚拟语气表示只存在于讲话人想象中的假设或推测，而不是客观现实中的真实事件。它表示怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝愿等，如 I wish you were more careful. If I were not so busy, I would go and help him. 2 虚拟语气在虚拟条件句与结果主句中的谓语动词形式。 条件句中的 结果主句中的 谓语动词 谓语动词 与现在事实相反 动词过去式 should/would ( be用were) could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should/would/could might+have+过去分词 与将来事实可能 动词过去式 相反 should+动词原形 should/would/could/ were+动词原形 might+动词原形 注意：1主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于各种人称。根据意义上的需要可用情态动词could,might代替should,would. 2 条件从句中如果谓语动词是be,其过去式所有人称的单复数都用were,但在口语中，第一人称和第三人称单数可用was代替were.但在if I were you中，必须用were,不能用was代替。 3. 虚拟语气在条件从句中和结果主句中的用法 （1）与现在事实相反时 I’m very busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you. 我很忙， 如果我有时间，我就当然会与你一起去看电影。（事实上我没有时间，也不能与你一起看电影） If I were you, I should go and see the dentist at once. 如果我是你，我就马上去看牙医。（事实上我不是你，也不会去看牙医） If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. 如果没有引力，我们就不能走路。（事实上有引力，我们也能走路。） （2）与过去事实相反 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met her. 如果你早来几分钟，就会见到她了。（事实上没有早来，也没有见到她） If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a big mistake. (3) 与将来事实可能相反 If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go to see my friend there. If I should do it, I would do it another way. If I were to see him, I would speak to him about it. I I dropped the glass, it would break. 4 省掉if 的条件从句结构 在书面语中