(简谐运动).pptVIP

Chapter Four Oscillation, wave motion and sound New words and expressions §4.1 Simple harmonic motion (SHM) §4.2 Damped (阻尼的) harmonic motion, forced vibration and resonance The magnitude of the damped force is described by a damped factor, denoted by ?. When the damped force is small, the period of the damped vibration is given by (4.12) Where ?0 is the proper (固有的) angular frequency of the vibrating system. It can be deduced (推论) that because of the damped factor, the period is getting longer and the frequency (f = 1/T) of the system will become smaller. That is, the vibration goes slower. The properties at this case can be summarized as follows: Due to the damped force, (1) The mechanical energy becomes smaller; (2) The amplitude decreases; (3) The period increases but not with time (due to ?，bigger amplitude faster, smaller amplitude corresponding to slower motion); (4) The frequency decreases but (5) Vibration goes slower and slower. does not change with time ; 4.2.2 The forced vibration (受迫振动) The forced vibration is defined as the vibration exerted by an external periodic force. Assume that the exerted periodic force is f = F0 cos(??t) (4.13) where F0 is the amplitude of the external force, ?? is the angular frequency of the force. When vibration is steady, the periodic external force does work and puts in energy that is just equal to the lost energy due to the resistance. The characteristic quantities of the vibration can be derived, given as follows: Solution = General solution + particular solution (4.14) So we conclude that the vibrating system is also vibratory but with the frequency of the external force. The amplitude of the forced vibration depends on F0, angular frequency (??) of the force, proper frequency (?0) of the system and damped coefficient (?). 4.2.3 Resonance (共振） When the frequency of the external force approaches to the proper frequency of the vibrating system, the amplitude of the forced vibration will increase rapidly. （dA/