国民收入核算讲义.pptx

Chapter 2 National Income Accounting 国民收入核算 CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS(提要) Gross domestic product Output is paid out primarily to labor and capital 国内生产总值 产出主要是用于购买劳动力和资本 Output is demanded for private consumption service and investment,for government expenditure,and for international Trade . Inflation is the change over time in the price level. 产出:对私人消费服务和投资,政府支出,国际贸易的需求. 通货膨胀是价格水平在时间尺度上的变化.  Good accounting turns data into information 好的核算体系将数据转化为信息 We study national income accounting for two reasons income accounts provide the formal structure for our macro-theory models. To learn a few ballpark number that help characterize the economy. 国民收入核算的两个理由 提供宏观理论模型的正式的研究框架 有助于学习一些表征经济的标志性的数据  2-1 The production of output and payments to factors of production产量与生产要素的支付 The production side of the economy transforms inputs, such as labor and capital, into output, GDP. Factors of production Factor payments 经济中的生产方面: 将投入(劳动和资本)转化为产出 生产要素 要素支付 GDP AND GNP In the USA, the difference between GDP and GNP is only 1 percent, but the difference can be more important in some other countries. 在美国,两者的差异只有1%.但是在其他国家差别可能比较明显. GDP AND NDP Net domestic product(NDP) is equal to GDP minus depreciation. Depreciation is typically about 11%, so NDP is usually about 89%.(USA) NDP=GDP-折旧 典型的折旧率为11%,所以,净国内生产总值一般为国内生产总值的89%.  NATIONAL INCOME (国民收入) Business pay indirect taxes that must be subtracted from NDP before making factor payments. What’s left for making factor payments is national income, equal about 80 percent of GDP. You should remember that about three-fourths of factor payments are payments to labor. 商业机构支付的直接税须在支付要素收入之前予以扣除. 剩下的用于支付要素收入的部分称之为国民收入,相当于国内生产总值的80%. 大约四分之三的要素收入是支付给劳动的. FIG 2-1(a)Composition of U.S. GDP in 2001 2-2 OUTLAYS AND COMPONENTS OF DEMAND 支付与需求的构成 The fundamental national income accounting identity is Y=C+I+G+NX 基本的国民收入核算等式 Fig 2-1(B)产出的需求构成(USA2001) CONSUMPTION (消费) The chief component of demand is consumption spending by the ho