讲稿4.ppt-天津大学计算机学院.ppt

计算机网络? Transportation service: move objects horse, train, truck, airplane ... Communication network: move information bird, fire, telegraph, telephone, Internet …计算机网络 OSI MODEL(开放系统互联模型） SEVEN LAYERS 位 CATEGORIES OF NETWORKS LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN) WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) CONNECTING DEVICES REPEATERS （中继器） A repeater is an electronic device that regenerates data. It extends the physical length of a network. As a signal is transmitted, it may lose strength, and a weak signal may be interpreted erroneously by a receiver. A repeater can regenerate the signal and send it to the rest of the network. BRIDGES （网桥） A bridge is a traffic controller. It can divide a long bus into smaller segments so that each segment is independent trafficwise. The bridge uses a table to decide if the frame needs to be forwarded to another segment. With a bridge, two or more pairs of stations can communicate at the same time. ROUTERS （路由器） Routers are devices that connect LANs, MANs, and WANs. A router operates at the third layer of the OSI model. Whereas a bridge filters a frame based on the physical (data-link layer) address of the frame, a router routes a packet based on the logical address (network layer) of the packet. THE INTERNET AND TCP/IP NETWORK LAYER At the network layer, TCP/IP supports the Internet Protocol (IP). IP is an unreliable protocol and a best-effort delivery service. The term best-effort means that IP provides no error checking or tracking. The data unit at the IP layer is called an IP datagram, an independent packet that travels from the source to the destination. Addressing TCP/IP requires that every computer connected to the Internet be identified by a unique international address. This address is sometimes referred to as the Internet address, or IP address. Each Internet address consists of 4 bytes (32 bits). To make the 32-bit form shorter and easier to read, In