Book10_U2_语法_段落基本要素.docVIP

段落基本要素 好的文章有一些主要的构成要素，段落就是其中之一。段落是用来在散文、故事或其他文章中组织信息的。在写段落时，我们通常包括以下内容： 主题句 每个段落都应有一个要点，该要点通常由主题句表达。主题句应清楚地陈述本段落的信息。整个段落都围绕主题句展开。例如： （书19页44行）Young adults give many different reasons for moving to cities. 不过也并不是所有的段落都有主题句的。比如有时一个段落延续了前一个段落的主题，而前一个段落有主题句的情况下，这个段落就不一定有主题句了。 主题句通常是段落的第一句。不过在散文、故事或其他一些文体的第一段中，主题句可以置于一段引子之后。为了吸引读者的注意力，我们可以使用一段引子。这个引子常常是一个有趣的事实、一个问题或一段引语。例如： （书18页4行）Older Americans are on the move. 支撑句 主题句后应跟有对其加以解释或证明的支撑句。例如： （书18页8行）For decades, Florida has been attracting older residents. In fact, according to the national population survey conducted in 2000, Florida was home to the largest population of people aged 65 and older. 段落中的支撑句的排列顺序是有逻辑的。我们可以使用过渡的词语将每句句子与其前后的句子连接。可使用的过渡词语包括for example, for instance, furthermore, first, second, third, on the other hand, however, but和also。 （书18页23行）Florida is a popular choice for these people because of the climate and the state’s relatively flat landscape. However, as the number of older Americans moving there increases, more changes are made to cater to them. For example, ambulance response time has been decreased, and many houses have bathrooms designed for elderly homeowners, with things like walk-in bathtubs that reduce the risk of slips and falls. 结论句 段落应以一句用新的方式重复主题句内容的句子结尾。当然了，结句不是主题句的简单重复，而是对它的扩展与总结。Another reason for considering a visit is that the lighthouses themselves can be very attractive buildings. The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors battled nature with the basic tools they had. Everyone should visit a lighthouse at least once. __________ They had only basic ways of creating light, and yet they found a way of using this simple technology in isolated (孤零零的) places to save ships from hitting rocks. __________ By their very nature, lighthouses were built on some rocks or cliffs. Thus the lighthouse keepers often lived lonely lives. To walk around their small home, and imagine the angry storm outside beating against the walls, is to take a step towards under