四大建筑风格.doc

哥特式 定义：Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance （文艺复兴）architecture 时期及特点：Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Francigenum (French work) with the term Gothic first appearing during the latter part of the Renaissance. Its characteristics include the （1）pointed arch,（ 2）the ribbed vault and（3） the flying buttress. 应用范围： Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings. 代表：巴黎圣母院Notre Dame de Paris Notre-Dame de Paris is a historic Catholic cathedral on the eastern half of the ?le de la Cité in the fourth arrondissement of Paris, France.[2]The cathedral is widely considered to be one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture and among the largest and most well-known church buildings in the world. The naturalism of its sculptures and stained glass are in contrast with earlier Romanesque architecture. The first buildings in the world to use the flying buttress（飞拱） 巴洛克式建筑 定义Baroque architecture is the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late 16th-century Italy, that took the Romanvocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church and the absolutist state. It was characterized by new explorations of form, light and shadow and dramatic intensity. 特点1 Features:1 large-scale ceiling frescoes 2 Dramatic central projection on the external facade 3 Opulent use of ornaments（装饰） ,such as plaster or stucco marble or faux finishing 4 use of the interiors as a shell for painting and sculpture (especially during the late Baroque 5 Use of co