动词不定式,动名词在句中充当的成分—.ppt

 本节课讲述 动词不定式，动名词 主语 To learn English well is not easy. 当主语表达动作时，我们须将动词变性。既能表达出动词的意思，还又不能再是动词的词性。因此英语中出现动词不定式与动名词的用法。 动词不定式强调：目的，将要 动名词强调：状态，陈述事实，结果 动词不定式作主语的重点句型 It is + adj + （for sb ） to do sth （of sb ） to do sth 遇到你真高兴：It is very happy to meet you. 真正的主语是： to do sth To meet you is very happy. it 只是形式主语保持句子平衡。 再看一些例句： It isn’t right to say so. It is wrong to give up the chance. It isn’t an easy thing to master English. It took us a year to complete this project. It cost you 10 yuan to post a book. 注意：当给你一个动词不定式，说”某某做某事…..“，这时必然产生一个动词不定式的复合结构，即：it is +adj+ for/of sb to do sth. 用for 还是用of要看前面的形容词，若形容词是形容人的品质，特征的，就要用of,例如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right , foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude ,naughty, impolite.. 而别的adj时，则用for. 例如： 1. It is wrong of you to say so. 2. It is important for you to say so. 用of, 还是for 还可以这么判断： 1句说成you are wrong，是合理的。“你是错的”与句子想表达的意思相符。 2 句说成 you are important， 不合理。“你是重要的”。这与本句想表达的“你这么说是重要的”不相符。 继续看It is + adj + to do sth 的句型----动词不定式做主语： It isn’t right to say so. It took us a year to complete this project. to do sth 是句子中的真正主语，并且say, complete后面还都有自己的宾语。因此动词不定式内部保持了“动宾关系”。而且是必须保持动宾关系： It is comfortable to live in the room. →The room is comfortable to live in. 动名词做主语： 动名词做主语在下列常见句型中： It is no use doing sth. 做……没有好处/用处 It is no good doing sth. 做某事无益/无用 It is no harm doing sth. 做……并无害处 It is a waste of time/money doing sth. 若给你一个动名词，然后说“某某做某事”，这时会产生一个“动名词复合结构”，即：one’s doing sth. (one’s 为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格) It is no use saying so. It is no use your/Tom’s saying so. 动名词做表语 动名词做表语表陈述事实：试比较 My job is teaching. My job is to protect you. I am to go shopping. 做表语的肯定不能是动词，因此。涉及保留动词意思，但需改变动词词性的方法，即doing 或 to do. 前者侧重事实陈述，后者侧重目的和将要 动词不定式做宾语 动词不定式做动词的宾语 动词不定式做介词的宾语 A．以下动词只能接动词不定式做宾语： agree, decide, expect, hope, long, manage, want, plan, pretend, wish, would like, seem, happen, learn, promise, used t