Seventeenth cen.English lit..ppt

English Literature Historical background the contradictions between the feudal system and bourgeoisie a.?? Elizabeth: 1558-1603 b.? James I: 1603-1625 political and religious tyranny c.? Charles I: 1625-1649 d.? Cromwell: 1649-1660 commonwealth protector: 1653-1658 e.?? Charles II: 1660-1685 restoration f.??? James II: 1685-1688 g.? William of Orange: 1688-1702 1689年通过权利法案，确立君主立宪制 Historical Background English Revolution:1642-1649, Cromwell reigns and monarchy was abolished and England became a commonwealth. The Restoration: In 1660, after Cromwell’s death, the Parliament recalled Charles and the Restoration period began. Glorious Revolution: In 1688, James II was expelled and William, Prince of Orange, from Holland, was invited and became the King. Intensified Social Conflicts: When Charles I became the king, the situation grew worse. The monopolies were further extended and different parties quarreled over monopolies. The Parliament refused to pass bills, and at last it declared that monopolies without its consent illegal. In 1629 Charles I dissolved the Parliament and run the country for 11 years without a parliament. In 1640 serious situation forced the king to summon a new parliament, only to be dismissed within a month and called for another parliament. The various classes in England soon split up into two camps. The opposition leaders in Parliament were supported by contributions from the merchants, by mass demonstrations of artisans and apprentices in the city, and by the peasants riot against enclosures in the countryside. While around the king were clustered the conservative gentry, the big landlords and the monopolists. By 1640 they were ready to flare into a full-scale revolution. The king had to flee to the north of England to enlist armed forces against the parliament. The English Revolution The Civil War finally broke out in 1642 and ended with the parliamentary victory in 1649. At first, the Royalists had the upper hand. Then O