中低速率语音编码关键技术及应用.docVIP

中、低速率语音编码关键技术及应用1 线性预测 合成分析法、感觉加权滤波器 3．美国政府标准4.8 kb/s 码激励线性预测编码算法 4．利用码激励及多脉冲线性预测编码技术的语音压缩编码国际标准 LOW AND MEDIUM BIT-RATE SPEECH CODING 1. Linear Predictive Coding Algorithm Model of Speech Production Government Standard Linear Predictive Coding Algorithm: LPC-10 Adaptive Predictive Coding-APC Residual Excited Linear Predictive Coding -RELP Analysis-by Synthesis Coding of Speech Analysis-by-Synthesis LPC (A-by-S LPC) Perceptually Weighted Filter 3．The US DOD 4.8 kb/s Standard-CELP 4．Generalized A-by-S LPC Coder with Different Excitation Types International Standard with Code(Codebook)-Excited Linear predictive Coding (CELP) and Multi-Pulse LPC (MPLPC) 1. Linear Predictive Coding Algorithm 1.1 Model of speech production Low bit rate speech coding relies on the Model of speech production. Figure 1. Block diagram of the simplified model of speech production (1.1) (1.2) Transforming equation (1.2) into the sampled time domain, we obtain (1.3) Equation (1.3) is the well known LPC difference equation, which states that the value of the present output, , may be determined by summing the weighted present input, , and a weighted sum of the past output samples. 1.2 Government Standard Linear Predictive Coding Algorithm: LPC-10 ( By Thomas E. tremain ) The LPC-10 algorithm is based on linear predictive coding. Its parameters: (1) Predictive Coefficients ; (2) Pitch Period; (3) Energy RMS; (4) Voicing voiced/unvoiced. Bit Allocation: Pitch/Voicing 7 RMS 5 Sync 1 Predictive Coef. 41 Total/Frame (180 Sample) 54 Bit Rate 2.4kb/s 1.3 Adaptive Predictive Coding-APC The APC scheme, as shown in Figure 2, was originally proposed by Atal and Schroeder, and it employs both the short-term predictor (STP) and the pitch or long-term predictor (LTP). The resultant excitation signal after inverse filtering is scalar quantised on a sample-by-sample basis. APC schemes have been propose for 16 kb/s and below, with variations on its treatment of the residual signal. INMAR