大学物理实验—预习导航.pptVIP

大学物理实验-预习导航 用极限法测固体的折射率 * * * * 北京工业大学 翁钢 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 背景介绍 实验原理 仪器介绍 实验内容 数据处理要求 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 背景介绍 折射极限法是测定固体和液体折射率的基本方法之一.分光计测量折射率比较慢,专门的仪器如阿贝折射仪或蒲耳弗里许折射仪更快,更精确.在分光计上配上专用光学元件，还可以组成专用仪器，在光谱学、材料特性、偏振光的研究、棱镜特性、光栅特性的研究中都有广泛的应用。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 实验原理 1．分光计的结构 分光计的四个主要部件：平行光管、望远镜、载物台、读数装置。 2．分光计各主要部件的结构及原理的介绍（1）平行光管 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. （2）阿贝式自准直望远镜 望远镜由物镜、目镜及分划板组成。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. （3）载物小平台 （4）读数装置 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 当光线从空气射入到折射率为n的某种媒质 ,会在分界面处发生折射现象，如图所示。根据折射定理，有下述关系： Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. i=90度, 即光线从AB面掠入射的情形,出射角φ,即极限角最小.此时:折射率为 这种方法称为折射极限法. 如果使用扩展光源照射AB面，则存在以各种角度入射的光线。凡是i90度的光线,其出射角必大于极限角；而入射角大于90度的光线则不能进入棱镜。由i90度的光线形成的亮视场,由于i90度的光形成的暗视场，明暗视场的分界线正是i=90度的掠入射光引起的极限方向. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 仪器介绍 分光计 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 平面反射镜 物镜 目镜 灯 分划板（叉丝） 望远镜 分划板 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty