2_RDBMSintro CH2.pptVIP

Foreign Key (3) Foreign keys need to be explicitly defined. R1 and R2 in the definition could be the same relation, for eg. Employees(ID, Age, Salary, Position, Manager_ID). The primary key in the definition may be replaced by a candidate key. Foreign Key (4) Rule 4 (Referential Integrity Rule). No relation is allowed to contain unmatched foreign key values. Using a foreign key of a relation to reference the (primary) key of another relation is THE WAY used by the relational data model to establish relationships among different relations. Drpengxg@126.com * Drpengxg@126.com * Drpengxg@126.com * * 数据库原理与实践 Database Systems- Principle and Practice CHAPTER 2: THE RELATIONAL DATA MODEL CHAPTER 2: THE RELATIONAL DATA MODEL Definition: A data model is a tool that can be used to specify (describe) the real-world objects (entities), relationships among them, constraints on them, and the manipulation of them. Terminologies of a Relation Students SID Name Age GPA 123456789 Liu 20 3.2 Ma 18 2.9 345678912 Tan 19 2.7 Relation name Attributes head Records (tuples,rows) columns Schema An attribute corresponds to a column heading. the schema of the relation is a description the structure of the table. Head (Students) = (SID, Name, Age, GPA) Students(SID, Name, Age, GPA) Schema and State Two aspects of a relation: Schema --- the set of attributes of R. State (or contents) --- the CURRENT set of tuples of R . Schema and State Once the schema of a relation is decided, it will be very costly to change Some possible changes are: delete an attribute insert an attribute rename an attribute delete the schema Schema and State Whereas the state of a relation changes frequently in most relations. Some possible changes are: update some attribute values Insert a new tuple Delete an existing tuple A given schema may have different states at different times. Characteristics of a Relation 1 1.Changing the