Ch4.4-5 AVL Tree, Splay Tree.pptVIP

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2017-04-01 发布于江苏
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Ch4.4-5 AVL Tree, Splay Tree.ppt

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Ch4.4-5 AVL Tree, Splay Tree

* §4 AVL Trees Target : Speed up searching (with insertion and deletion) Tool : Binary search trees root small large Problem : Although Tp = O( height ), but the height can be as bad as O( N ). CHAPTER 4 Trees 1/18 §4 AVL Trees 〖Example〗 2 binary search trees obtained for the months of the year Nov Oct Sept May Mar June July Dec Aug Apr Feb Jan July June Mar May Oct Sept Nov Jan Feb Aug Apr Dec Entered from Jan to Dec A balanced tree 2/18 Average search time = 3.5 Average search time = 3.1 Average search time of the skew tree = 6.5 §4 AVL Trees Adelson-Velskii-Landis (AVL) Trees (1962) 【Definition】An empty binary tree is height balanced. If T is a nonempty binary tree with TL and TR as its left and right subtrees, then T is height balanced iff (1) TL and TR are height balanced, and (2) | hL ? hR | ? 1 where hL and hR are the heights of TL and TR , respectively. 【Definition】The balance factor BF( node ) = hL ? hR . In an AVL tree, BF( node ) = ?1, 0, or 1. 5 8 2 1 4 3 7 7 8 2 1 4 3 5 4 5 6 3 2 1 7 The height of an empty tree is defined to be –1. 3/18 §4 AVL Trees 〖Example〗 Input the months Mar Mar 0 ?1 May May 0 Nov Nov 0 ?1 ?2 May 0 ?1 Nov 0 0 ?2 ?1 Mar 0 0 0 ? The trouble maker Nov is in the right subtree’s right subtree of the trouble finder Mar. Hence it is called an RR rotation. In general: A ?1 B 0 BL BR AL RR Insertion RR Rotation A ?2 B ?1 BL BR AL BL B 0 A AL BR 0 A is not necessarily the root of the tree Single rotation 4/18 §4 AVL Trees Aug May 0 ?1 Nov 0 0 ?2 ?1 Mar 0 1 1 Aug 0 Apr Apr 0 1 2 2 5/18 Discussion 1: What can we do now? §4 AVL Trees May 0 ?1 Nov 0 0 ?2 ?1 Aug 0 1 1 ?1 Mar 0 0 Apr 0 Jan Jan 0 1 ?1 2 LR Rotation Mar 0 ?1 May 0 ?1 ?2 ?1 Aug 0 1 0 ?1 Jan 0 0 Apr 0 Nov 0 In general: A 1 B 0 BL AR C 0 CR CL LR Insertion A 2 B ?1 BL AR C ?1 CR CL OR LR Rotation BL AR C 0 A ?1 or 0 CR B 0 or 1 CL OR Double Rotation 6/18 §4 AVL Trees Dec July Mar 0 ?1 May 0 ?1 ?2 ?1 Aug 0 1 1 ?1 Jan 0 Apr 0 Nov 0 July 0 Dec 0 Feb