柏拉图-船的寓言柏拉图-船寓言.pdf

Comment [a1]: 使陷入 Comment [a2]: 寓言 Comment [a3]: 贫乏 Comment [a4]: 痛苦的 Comment [a5]: 依靠于 Comment [a6]: 寓言中的，难以置信 的 Comment [a7]: 缺点，疾病 Comment [a8]: 掌舵 Comment [a9]: 群集 Comment [a10]: 领导地位，掌舵 Comment [a11]: 锁住 Comment [a12]: 麻醉的额、 Comment [a13]: 暴动，叛变 Comment [a14]: 备用品，储藏 Comment [a15]: 航程 Comment [a16]: 党羽 Comment [a17]: 船舶 Comment [a18]: 空谈者 I perceive, I said, that you are vastly amused at having plunged me into such a hopeless discussion; but now hear the parable, and then you will be still more amused at the meagreness of my imagination: for the manner in which the best men are treated in their own States is so grievous that no single thing on earth is comparable to it; and therefore, if I am to plead their cause, I must have recourse to fiction, and put together a figure made up of many things, like the fabulous unions of goats and stags which are found in pictures. Imagine then a fleet or a ship in which there is a captain who is taller and stronger than any of the crew, but he is a little deaf and has a similar infirmity in sight, and his knowledge of navigation is not much better. The sailors are quarrelling with one another about the steering—every one is of opinion that he has a right to steer, though he has never learned the art of navigation and cannot tell who taught him or when he learned, and will further assert that it cannot be taught, and they are ready to cut in pieces any one who says the contrary. They throng about the captain, begging and praying him to commit the helm to them; and if at any time they do not prevail, but others are preferred to them, they kill the others or throw them overboard, and having first chained up the noble captains senses with drink or some narcotic drug, they mutiny and take possession of the ship and make free with the stores; thus, eating and drinking, they proceed on their voyage in such manner as might be expected of them. Him who is their partisan and cleverly aids them in t