SpreadSpectrum（扩频技术）.ppt

Spread Spectrum（扩频技术） 《无线通信与网络》第七章 Spread Spectrum Input is fed into a channel encoder (信道编码器） Produces analog signal with narrow bandwidth Signal is further modulated using sequence of digits （数字序列） Spreading code or spreading sequence Generated by pseudonoise（伪噪声）, or pseudo-random number generator Effect of modulation is to increase bandwidth of signal to be transmitted （扩频） Spread Spectrum On receiving end Same digit sequence is used to demodulate the spread spectrum signal, and then Signal is fed into a channel decoder to recover data Spread Spectrum Spread Spectrum What can be gained from apparent waste of spectrum? 如此浪费带宽目的何在？ Immunity from various kinds of noise and multipath distortion (抗干扰和多径失真） Can be used for hiding and encrypting signals （隐藏和加密信号） Several users can independently use the same higher bandwidth with very little interference （多用户可以独立地使用相同的较宽的带宽而几乎没有相互干扰）。。如：CDMA码分多址技术 扩频在军事上的用途 Frequency Hoping Spread Spectrum (FHSS：跳频扩频) Signal is broadcast over seemingly random series of radio frequencies A number of channels allocated for the FH signal Width of each channel corresponds to bandwidth of input signal Signal hops from frequency to frequency at fixed intervals Transmitter operates in one channel at a time Bits are transmitted using some encoding scheme At each successive interval, a new carrier frequency is selected FHSS (Cont’d) Channel sequence decided by spreading code Receiver, hopping between frequencies in synchronization with transmitter, picks up message Advantages Eavesdroppers hear only unintelligible blips （沙沙声） Attempts to jam signal on one frequency succeed only at knocking out a few bits (阻塞单个信道只能毁掉几个比特的信息。） FHSS原理 FHSS (Cont’d) 跳频扩频系统 跳频扩频系统 FHSS Using MFSK MFSK signal is translated to a new frequency every Tc seconds by modulating the MFSK signal with the FHSS carrier signal For data rate of R: duration of a bit: T = 1/R seconds duration of signal element: Ts = LT seconds Tc ? Ts - slow-frequency-hop spread spectrum Tc Ts