数字滤波器在工程中的应用.pptVIP

数字滤波器 1. DSP中应用最广泛的一种线性系统环节； 2. 用途 信息处理过程中的信号过滤、检测和预测； 3. 学习内容 分析其特点、结构、主要设计方法 Comparison with Analog Filter Digital filters can have characteristics which are not possible with analog filters, such as a truly linear phase response. Unlike analog filters, the performance of digital filters does not vary with environmental changes, for example thermal variations. This eliminates the need to calibrate periodically. The frequency response of a digital filter can be automatically adjusted if it is implemented using a programmable processor, which is why they are widely used in adaptive filters. Several input signals or channels can be filtered by one digital filter without the need to replicate the hardware. Both filtered and unfiltered data can saved for further use. Advantage can be readily taken of the tremendous advancements in VLSI technology to fabricate digital filters and to make them small in size, to consume low power, and to keep the cost down. In practice, the precision achievable with analog filters is restricted. With digital filters the precision is limited only by the wordlength used. The performance of digital filters is repeatable from unit to unit. 直接型 Direct Form 一个N阶IIR滤波器的传递 函数可以表达为 用差分方程可以表达为 * 数字滤波器在工程中的应用 ——测试数据计算中的预处理 Simple ? Complex ? Experiments or Theories ? Application and Textbook ? CHAPTER 4 BASIC STRUCTURE OF DIGITAL FILTER 数字滤波器的结构 h(k), k=0,1,… (Impulse Response) x(n) (Input Sequence) y(n) (Output Sequence) 1 数字滤波器的表达式表示法 Representation of DF （1）差分方程法 (Difference function) 例： （2）单位脉冲响应表示法 (Unit impulse response) 例：h(n) （3）系统函数表示法 (System function) 例： 2 数字滤波器的实现方法 Implementation of DF (1) 软件设计 Software 差分方程: Computer Program 2 数字滤波器的实现方法 差分方程: (2) 硬件设计 Hardware (Special-purpose) 数字信号处理器、Field Programmable Gate Array Delay Delay 差分方程 可实现结构 3 图形法 （1）方框结构图法 Block-diagram 如： 一阶数字滤波器方框结构图 方框图表示 z-1 z-1 a0 a1 b1 延时 乘常数 相加 z-1 a Fi