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语法专题七:虚拟语气.doc语法专题七:虚拟语气.doc
省镇中高三英语二轮复习语法专题
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语法专题七:虚拟语气
1. 规则虚拟:即含if 从句的复合句,表示与事实相反。具体时态搭配为:
时间
if从句
主句
对将来
did(were) / were to + do / should + do
would / could / might / should + do
对现在
did(were)
同上
对过去
had done
would / could / might / should + have done
注意:
1) 交叉时间虚拟:即主、从句不在同一时间,注意各自的时态。
2) 虚拟与非虚拟:即一句与事实相反,用虚拟;另一句与事实一致,用实际时态。
3) 虚拟中的倒装:如if从句中含should, had, were等,可将其置于句首,且省略if。
4) 介短、副词代替if从句:如without, but for, in the absence of (如果没有), or, otherwise
2. 表示建议、要求、劝告、命令类词 + 名从中的虚拟,从句动词:(should) do
适用词群:advise, ask, demand, desire, direct(指导,要求), insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge等及其它们的名词、形容词、过去分词等,后跟名从。
注意:当insist为“坚持已发生或存在的事实”,suggest为“暗示、表明”时,要
用陈述语气,即实际时态。
3. wish等词 + 从句:从句时态向后退一格: 即表示现在、将来用did / were / was; 表示过去用had done。
适用词群:wish, as if /though, If only(要……就好了), would rather, It is (about / high) time 等。
4. 情态动词 + have done 表虚拟:
should / ought to have done 本应该做(实际没做,含“责备”之意)
could / might have done 本可以做(实际未做)
needn’t have done 本没必要做 (实际做了)
would like / love to have done
would rather have done 本来想要做某事(但未做)
had better have done
5. 句型:
1) If it were not for…, I would / should / might / could + do
“要不是……,我现在就……。”(对现在的虚拟)
If it had not been for…, I would / should / might / could + have done.
“要不是……,我当时就……。”(对过去的虚拟)
2) It is important / necessary / natural / strange …+ 从句
It is a shame / pity / no wonder…+ 从句.
以上从句谓语动词皆为:(should) do
3) had hoped / expected / intended / planned /…+ to do 本希望 / 打算做……(但未做成)
巩固练习:
1. If he ______, he ______ that food.
Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
2. ______ computer not be used tomorrow, it would take us a long time to do the job.
A. Should B. Were C. Had D. May
3. The law requires that everyone ______ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has
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