语言学下定义+填空题.docVIP

下定义 Sociolinguistics(社会语言学): The studies of all the social aspects of language and its relation with society is called sociolinguistics. Language（语言）: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. Arbitrariness（任意性）: This means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. Phonetics（语音学）: Phonetic refers to the study of sounds used in linguistic communication. Voicing: Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds. Assimilation rule（同化规则）: The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar. Intonation（语调）: When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation. Syntax（句法）: Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies the rules that govern the formation of sentences. Category（范畴）: Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. Complementizers（补语化成分）: Words which introduce the sentence complement are termed complementizers. Head movement（中心语移动）: The movement of a word from the head position in one phrase into the head position in another is known as head movement. Linguistic context（语言语境）: The linguistic context is concerned with the probability of a word’s co-occurrence or collocation with another word. Reference（所指）: Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world. Relational opposites（关系反义词）: Pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items are called relational opposites. Argument（论元）: An argument is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with a nominal element in a sentence. Pragmatics（语用学）: Pragmatics is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. Constatives（表述句）: Constatives are statem