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Charge ordering in quarter-filled ladder systems coupled to the lattice
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Charge ordering in quarter-filled ladder systems coupled to the lattice
M. Aichhorn,1 M. Hohenadler,1 E. Ya. Sherman,1, 2 J. Spitaler,2 C. Ambrosch-Draxl,2 and H. G. Evertz1
1Institut fu?r Theoretische Physik, Technische Universita?t Graz, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
2Institut fu?r Theoretische Physik, Karl-Franzens-Universita?t Graz, Universita?tsplatz 5, A-8010 Graz, Austria
We investigate charge ordering in the presence of electron-phonon coupling for quarter-filled ladder
systems by using exact diagonalization. As an example we consider NaV2O5 using model parameters
obtained from first-principles band-structure calculations. The relevant Holstein coupling to the
lattice considerably reduces the critical value of the nearest-neighbor Coulomb repulsion at which
formation of the zig-zag charge-ordered state occurs, which is then accompanied by a static lattice
distortion. Energy and length of a kink-like excitation on the background of the distorted lattice
are calculated. Spin and charge spectra on ladders with and without static distortion are obtained,
and the charge gap and the effective spin-spin exchange parameter J are extracted. J agrees
well with experimental results. Analysis of the dynamical Holstein model, restricted to a small
number of phonons, shows that low frequency lattice vibrations have a strong influence on the
charge ordering, particularly in the vicinity of the phase transition point. By investigating the
charge order parameter we conclude that phonons produce dynamical zig-zag lattice distortions.
A model with only static distortions gives a good description of the system well away from the
transition point while overestimating the amount of charge ordering in the vicinity of the phase
transition.
PACS numbers: 71.10.Fd,71.38.-k,63.22.+m
I. INTRODUCTION
The formation of an ordered pattern of ion charges
is a rather general type
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