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Photoprotection by window glass automobile glass and sunglasses.pdf

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Photoprotection by window glass automobile glass and sunglasses

Photoprotection by window glass, automobile glass, and sunglasses Chanisada Tuchinda, MD,a Sabong Srivannaboon, MD,b and Henry W. Lim, MDa Detroit, Michigan, and Bangkok, Thailand In daily activity, much time is spent indoors and in vehicles. Although the adverse effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is now well recognized and active public education programs on photoprotection have been undertaken, the role of window glass in photoprotection has been rarely addressed. It has been known for some time that window glass filters out UVB and transmits UVA and visible light. Recent developments in the glass industry have resulted in glass that provides broad UV protection without the historically associated loss of visible light transmission. Factors affecting UV-protective properties of glass are glass type, glass color, interleave between glass, and glass coating. In this article, photoprotection by window glass, automobile glass, and sunglasses is reviewed. ( J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;54:845-54.)S olar radiation reaching the earth surface is broadly divided into infrared radiation, visible light, and ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Heat is part of infrared radiation, which is not visible to the human eye. Visible light is the wavelength range of general illumination. UVR is divided into 3 distinct bands in order of decreasing wavelength and in- creasing energy: UVA (320-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm), and UVC (200-290 nm). UVC, although it possesses the highest energy and has the greatest potential for biological damage, is effectively filtered by the ozone layer and is therefore not considered to be a factor in solar exposure of human beings. During a summer day, the UV spectrum that reaches the earth’s surface consists of 3.5% UVB and 96.5% UVA.1 Eighty percent of the average day of Americans is spent indoors.2 Although not as high as outdoor workers, it has been estimated that individuals who work indoors receive between 7 and 10 standard erythema doses (SEDs) per day of UV r