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Spectroscopic Studies of Extremely Metal-Poor Stars with the Subaru High Dispersion Spectro.pdf

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Spectroscopic Studies of Extremely Metal-Poor Stars with the Subaru High Dispersion Spectro

a r X i v : a s t r o - p h / 0 7 0 1 1 5 9 v 1 6 J a n 2 0 0 7 Spectroscopic Studies of Extremely Metal-Poor Stars with the Subaru High Dispersion Spectrograph. IV. The α-Element-Enhanced Metal-Poor Star BS 16934–0021 Wako Aoki2, Satoshi Honda2, Timothy C. Beers3, Masahide Takada-Hidai4, Nobuyuki Iwamoto 5, Nozomu Tominaga6, Hideyuki Umeda6, Ken’ichi Nomoto6, John E. Norris7, Sean G. Ryan8,9 ABSTRACT A detailed elemental abundance analysis has been carried out for the very metal-poor ([Fe/H] = ?2.7) star BS 16934–002, which was identified in our previous work as a star exhibiting large overabundances of Mg and Sc. A comparison of the abundance pattern of this star with that of the well-studied metal-poor star HD 122563 indicates excesses of O, Na, Mg, Al, and Sc in BS 16934–002. Of particular interest, no excess of C or N is found in this object, in contrast to CS 22949–037 and CS 29498–043, two previously known carbon-rich, extremely metal-poor stars with excesses of the α elements. No established nucleosynthesis model exists that explains the observed abundance pattern of BS 16934–002. A supernova model, including mixing and fallback, assuming severe mass loss before explosion, is discussed as a candidate progenitor of BS 16934–002. Subject headings: nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances — stars: abundances — stars: Population II — stars:supernovae: general — stars: individual (BS 16934–002) 2National Astronomical Observatory, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588 Japan; email: aoki.wako@nao.ac.jp, honda@optik.mtk.nao.ac.jp 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, CSCE: Center for the Study of Cosmic Evolution, and JINA: Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116; email: beers@pa.msu.edu 4Liberal Arts Education Center, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan; email: hidai@apus.rh.u- tokai.ac,jp 5Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan; email: iwamoto.nobuyuki@jaea.go.jp 6Department of A