自动化专业英语课文翻译13.docxVIP

1.3 Stability of Closed-Loop Control SystemsAn important consequence of feedback control is that it can cause oscillatory responses (振荡响应). 反馈控制的一个重要的结果是会产生振荡响应。If the oscillation has a small amplitude and damps out (衰减) quickly, then the control system performance is generally considered to be satisfactory.如果振荡的幅值很小并且衰减很快，那么一般认为控制系统的运行状态是令人满意的However, under certain circumstances the oscillations may be undamped (无衰减的) or even have an amplitude that increases with time until a physical limit is reached, such as a control valve being fully open or completely shut. 然而，在某些情况下，振荡有可能是无阻尼的，甚至幅值会随时间而增大，直到达到了物理极限，比如一个被完全打开或关闭的控制阀。In these situations, the closed-loop system is said to be unstable.在这些情况下，闭环系统是不稳定的In this unit we analyze the stability characteristics of closed-loop systems and present several useful criteria for determining whether a system will be stable. 在本节中，我们对闭环系统的稳定性特性做出分析，并提出几个用于判断系统是否稳定的判据Additional stability criteria based on frequency response analysis are not discussed here. 另外的基于频率响应分析的稳定性判据在这里不做讨论But first we consider an illustrative (用作说明的) example of a closed-loop system that can become unstable.首先，我们考虑一个闭环系统的例子，这个系统可以变得不稳定To determine the effect of Kc on the closed-loop response c(t), we consider a unit step (单位阶跃) change in set point, R(s) = 1/s. We have derived the closed-loop transfer function (闭环传递函数) for set-point changes:为了判断KC对闭环响应c(t)的影响, 我们考虑对设定值施加一单位阶跃变化，R(s)=1/s。可以得到随设定值变化的闭环传递函数：After Kc is specified, c(t) can be determined from the inverse Laplace transform (拉普拉斯逆变换) of Eq. (4). But first the roots of the cubic (立方的) polynomial (多项式) in s must be determined before performing the partial fraction expansion (部分分式展开). These roots can be calculated using standard root-finding techniques.KC确定之后，c(t)可以通过对方程（4）进行拉普拉斯反变换得到。但是在运算部分分式展开式之前，首先要得到s的三阶多项式的根。这可以通过标准的求根方法来得到.The unstable response for Example is an oscillation where the amplitude grows in each successive (连续的) cycle. 本例中的不稳定响应是幅值在每一次循环中不断增大而产生的振荡In contrast, for an actual physica