半敞开式隧道火灾通风研究.pdfVIP

[文章编号] 1002 8528( 2009) 03 0088 03 半敞开式隧道火灾通风研究 诸德志1, 2 ,蒋军成1 ( 1 南京工业大学城市建设与安全工程学院,江苏省城市与工业安全重点实验室,南京 210009; 2 南京市消防支队, 南京 210008) [摘 要] 采用 CFD方法运用 双方程模型对半敞开式隧道着火时烟气扩散情况进行模拟,比较不同季节时的自然通 风效果。结果表明,冬夏两季时隧道采用自然通风的排烟模式是切实可行的,都能起到很好的排烟作用。火灾前期烟气扩散 速度远大于火灾后期 ,冬季烟气水平扩散速度高于夏季, 但烟气沉降冬季比夏季严重, 且冬季自然排烟效率比夏季提高了 3 5% ;夏季隧道顶部最高温度高于冬季,且火源两侧高温区域大于冬季。 [关键词] 隧道; 火灾;烟气; 自然通风 [中图分类号] U458 1; T921;TU843 29 [文献标识码] A Research of Smoke Ventilation in Half Open Tunnel Fires ZHUDe zhi 1, 2 , JIANG Jun cheng 1 ( 1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban and Industrial Safety , School of Urban Construction and Safety Engineering , Nanjing University of Technology , Nanjing 210009, China; 2. Nanjing Fire Detachment; Nanj ing 210008, China) [Abstract] In the tunnel fires, the most immediate threat to passengers life is not the direct exposure to fire, but the smoke inhalation because it contains hot air and toxic gases, so it s important to research the efficient smoke control models. In this paper, the smoke diffusion was simulated in the half open tunnel fire by CFD and using types of three dimension turbulence model, effects of natural ventilation in different seasons were compared. And the results indicated that the natural ventilation worked well in different seasons. In the prophase the smoke diffused faster than in the anaphase. In the winter the velocity of smoke diffusion was bigger than in the summer, and the efficiency of smoke exhausting was also raised by 3 5% , but the smoke fell lower than in the summer. The temperature on the top of the tunnel in the summer was higher than in the winter, so was the bilateral area of high temperature. [Keywords] tunnel; fire; smoke; natural ventilation [收稿日期] 2008 09 11 [作者简介] 诸德志( 1962 ) ,男,博士生,高级工程师 [联系方式] laot ian886@163 com 1 引 言 随着城市的发展,地面的道路交通条件恶化, 发 展地下隧道交通以代替地面交通,是缓解地面道路 阻塞和居民乘车难的重要途径。但是近年来, 隧道 火灾给人民的生命及财产带来了巨大的损失。如 1999年 3月 24 日, 位于法国和意大利边境的 Mont blanc隧道发生特大恶性火灾事故, 造成 41人死亡; 2001年10月 24日,瑞士的 St. Gotthard隧道火灾事 故,毁车 100 辆, 造成 11 人死亡, 交通中断约 2个 月 [