浙江天童常绿阔叶林藤本植物的适应生态学：Ⅰ、叶片解剖特征的比较.pdfVIP

植物生态学报 2001，25(1)90~98 Acta Pbt*c“0g $inica 浙江天童常绿阔叶林藤本植物的适应生态学 I．叶片解剖特征的比较 蔡永立 宋永 昌 (1华东师范大学环境科学系．上海 200002) (2教育部城市与环境遥感考古开放实验室，上海 200062) 摘 要 利用解剖学方法对浙江天童森林公园常绿阔叶林的1o属 u种木质藤本叶片的解剖特征进行了比较和 固子分析，结果表明：藤本植物叶片结掏在不同种类之间具有明显的差异，同种藤本的不同植物体的叶片也存在一 定的差异；这些差异除受遗传因子控制外，环境固子(主要为光照和水分)也有重要作用 攀援方式对藤本叶片特 征有一定影响，但未表现出规律性 尽管 叶片的基本结构仍属中生类型 ，但也表现出一定的趋异适应，根据叶片适 应特征的差异，11种藤本植物可分为 3种类型，即偏旱生或阳生叶类型(包括薜荔(Ficus pumila)、珍珠莲 (Ficus d”聊 to础 vsr．henry)和藤构(Broussonetia ka mpferi))．偏阴生叶类型(羊角藤(Morinda umbeltata)和昆明鸡血藤 (埘珊 retculata))和中生叶类型(广东蛇葡萄(Ampelopsis camord#n~s)、中华常春藤(Hedera nepalensis-car． sinensis)．短梗南蛇藤(Celastrus rosthonianus)、暗色菝葜(Smila=lanceiofoha var．opaca) 薯莨(Dioscorea cirrhosa) 和香港黄檀(Dalbergin milletti)) 藤本叶片的各部分结构特征对生境条件的适应并未表现出一致的同步变化，存 在着一定的差异或可塑性，这可能由于藤本生长环境经常发生变动所至 关蕾词 夭童森林公园 常绿阔叶林 藤本植物 叶片解剖特征 适应生态学 ADAPTIVE ECOLOGY OF LIANAS IN TIANToNG EVERGREEN BRoAD—LEAVED F0REST，ZHEJIANG，CHINA I．LEAF ANAToMICAL CHARACTERS CAI Yong—Li 。 and SONG Yong-Chang (1 DepaTtment ofEnvi~nmengal Soencet East China Normal Uni~rMty，Shangfml 200062) (2( Research l~boratory。J Remote Sensing in Urban and Envir~ mental Archeologyt Shahghai 200062) Abstract The ecological adaptations and leaf characters of ten genera (including eleven species of liana)were studied in evergreen broad—leaved forest of Tiantong Forest Park，Zheiiang province，China．The results are as folows}1)Despite the mesophyte leaf form of the eleven liana species there were significant differences in leaf anatomical characters among them and some differences among different plants of an individua1．These differences are mainly controlled by genetic factors，but environmental factors(mainly light and wter or humidivy)also had an important influence on them and these may oppose forms required in climbing methods；2)Based on leaf adap— tive characters the l l species may be divided into three adaptive kinds：sun—adapted taxa or xerophytes(Brous- sonetia kaempferi，Ficus pumila and F．sarmemosa var．henryi)，shade—adapted taxa(Morinda umb