平头轻型货车的碰撞安全性 本科论文.doc

摘 要 平头轻型载货汽车大多是由国外引进的老车型，这些车型设计时并没有过多考虑其碰撞安全性，因此在碰撞安全性方面存在先天不足，缓冲吸能区间小，碰撞安全性能差。由于货车碰撞试验在我国还属于开始阶段，关于货车的碰撞安全法规也没有出台，进行大规模的货车碰撞试验的条件还不成熟。针对这一情况，本文在参考大量国内外资料与实验的基础上，对货车正面碰撞进行虚拟试验研究，并且针对原始设计存在的碰撞安全性缺陷，设计了压溃杆式缓冲吸能装置，并对平头驾驶室局部结构做了相应改造，虚拟碰撞结果表明改进后的驾驶室碰撞安全性有了显著提高；在此基础之上，对不同的缓冲吸能设计进行了对比研究和优选。 关键词：平头轻型货车，碰撞安全性，正面碰撞，缓冲吸能 ABSTRACT Most types of the flat-face light truck are old models introduced from abroad.The crashworthiness is not considered enough,the buffering and energy absorbing section is strait and the crashworthiness is bad,thus the crashworthiness of them are in congenital deficiency.For the test of truck crashing is at the inipient stage in our nation and the law related to it is not published yet,the qualification for taking massive ctashing test is not mature.Aiming at this situation,this thesis has taken dummy test research of the truck,s front impact on the precondition of consulting many information and experiment from home and abroad，then the dummy crashing test and security evaluation of it has been done by method of nonlinear dynamics.Aimed at the former design,s crashing safety defects,the energy-absorption device with the collapse-tube has been design and the corresponding substructure of the cab has been improved.The cab,s crashing security has been increased notably shown from the dummy crashing test result.At last,the difference energy absorption device has been comparative studied and optimized. Key word:flat-face light truck,crashworthiness,front impact, energy-absorption capability 目 录 摘 要 I ABSTRACT II 第1章 绪论 1 1.1课题的背景与意义 2 1.1.1 背景 2 1.1.2 意义 2 1.2 国内外汽车碰撞安全法规概述 2 1.2.1 国外汽车碰撞安全法规 3 1.2.2 国内汽车碰撞安全法规 5 1.3 国内外汽车碰撞分析研究概述 6 1.3.1 国外研究发展概况 6 1.3.2 国内研究发展概况 7 1.4 汽车虚拟试验场技术 8 1.4.1 VPG 简介 8 1.4.2 LS-DYNA 简介 8 1.5 本文的研究内容和工作计划 8 第2章 瞬态非线性动力学分析方法 10 2.1 有限元法的发展及应用 10 2.2 有限元法的基本原理 10 2.3 非线性有限元基本理论 11 2.3.1 几何非线性 11 2.3.2 材料非线性 11 2.3.3 接触非线性 13 2.4 LS-DYNA 非线性动力学基础 13 2.5 本章小结 14 第3章 平头轻型货车的碰撞安全性分析 15 3.1 CAD 建