2014 Sino-American International Mathematics League Competition (High School) - Questions Solutions.pdfVIP

1 2014 Stony Brook-Math League Summer Tournament (High School) a.k.a. First Annual Sino-American International Mathematics League Competition (High School) July 27, 2014 Stony Brook University Individual Questions Brief Solutions Each Question is worth 10 points. Calculators are PROHIBITED. 1. (Time Limit: 6 minutes) Let 1 2 3 4, , , ,...,a a a a be a sequence of numbers such that 1 1,a ? /2 1,n na a? ? when n is an even positive integer, and ( 1)/2 ,n na a ?? where n is an odd positive integer. What is the value of a2015? Solution: 2015 1008 504 252 126 63 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10. a a a a a a a a a a a a ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2. (Time Limit: 8 minutes) As shown in the figure, m AOB ?? ? . PQ is the distance from P to OA, PQ = a. PR is the distance from P to OB, PR = b. What is the length of OP in terms of a, b, and? ? Solution: Draw circle C with OP as diameter, passing through Q and R. Then m 2 .QCR ?? ? If r is a radius of circle C, 2 2 24 sin .QR r ?? Since m ,QPR ? ?? ? ? we can apply the Law of Cosines in triangle QPR: 2 2 2 2 cos( ).QR a b ab ? ?? ? ? ? Equating both expressions for 2.QR Therefore, 2 2 2 22 cos( ) 4 sin .a b ab r? ? ?? ? ? ? Solving for 2r (which is OP) R Q A O B P MATH LEAGUE PRESS P.O. Box 17, Tenafly, New Jersey 07670-0017 Math League Press, P.O. Box 17, Tenafly, New Jersey 07670-0017 2014 Stony Brook-Math League Tournament 2 we have 2r = 2 2 2 cos sin a b ab ? ? ? ? . 3. (Time Limit: 6 minutes) What is the numerical value of 2 3 4 2015[log 2015] [log 2015] [log 2015] [log 2015]? ? ? ? , where[ ]x is the greatest possible integer that is not greater than .x Solution: Since 45 2 2015, the greatest integer in each expression where the argument is 45, 46, . . . , 2015 is 1. That’s a total of 1971. Since 13 3 2015 but 44 2 2015, the greatest integer in each expression where the argument is 13, 14, . . . , 44 is 2. That’s a total