- 1、本文档共30页,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、原创力文档(book118)网站文档一经付费(服务费),不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
- 3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传,本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺!文档内容仅供研究参考,付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费,意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务;查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档,您可以点击 这里二次下载。
- 4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“版权申诉”(推荐),也可以打举报电话:400-050-0827(电话支持时间:9:00-18:30)。
查看更多
Harvard School of Public Health Authors
Trends in Smoke Nicotine Yield and
Relationship to Design Characteristics
Among Popular U.S. Cigarette Brands
1997-2005
A Report of the
Tobacco Research Program
Division of Public Health Practice
Harvard School of Public Health
Authors
Gregory N. Connolly, DMD MPH
Hillel R. Alpert, ScM BSc
Geoffrey Ferris Wayne, MA
Howard Koh, MD, MPH
January, 2007
Supported by American Legacy Foundation
and National Cancer Institute
2
ABSTRACT
Objective: We sought to determine whether smoke nicotine yields of cigarettes would
show an overall increase over time or an increasing trend limited to any particular market
category (e.g. full flavor vs. light, medium (mild), or ultralight; mentholated vs non-
mentholated), manufacturer, or brand family or brand style, and smoke nicotine yields
would be associated with measurable trends in cigarette design.
Methods: Machine-based measures of smoke nicotine yield as well as measures of
cigarette design features related to nicotine delivery (ventilation, nicotine content in the
tobacco rod, and number of puffs), and market category descriptors were obtained from
annual reports filed with the Massachusetts Department of Public by tobacco
manufacturers for the years 1997-2005. Trends in smoke nicotine yield and relationship
with design features and market parameters were analyzed with multilevel mixed effects
regression modeling procedures.
Results: A statistically significant trend was confirmed in increased smoke nicotine
yield of 0.019 mg per cigarette (1.1%) per year over the period 1997-2005 or 0.029 mg
per cigarette (1.6%) per year over the period 1998-2005. The increasing trend was
observed within all major market categories (mentholated vs. non-mentholated and full
flavor vs. light, medium (mild), or ultralight). Smoke nicotine yield was positively
associated with nicotine concentration in the tobacco and number of puffs per cigarette,
both of which also showed increasing trends during t
您可能关注的文档
- FreeBSD 7.0 和其他BSD系统的性能比较.pdf
- Freescale_ADAS_solutions 2013.pdf
- From Brain Theory To Autonomous Robotic Agents.pdf
- FROM ECUMENISM TO SILENT APOSTASY.pdf
- From zero resistance states to absolute negative conductivity in microwave irradiated 2D el.pdf
- Front tracking and operator splitting for nonlinear degenerate convection{diusion equations.pdf
- Fructose- and Sorbitol-reduced Diet Improves.pdf
- FRP05 S.No.1384-14, Drawings.pdf
- Fructose-Breath-Testing.pdf
- Fructose-sorbitol ingestion.pdf
文档评论(0)