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Infall of substructures onto a Milky Way-like dark halo
Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 000, 1–9 (2007) Printed 11 March 2008 (MN LATEX style file v2.2)
Infall of Substructures onto a Milky Way-like Dark Halo
Yang-Shyang Li? and Amina Helmi?
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
11 March 2008
ABSTRACT
We analyse the dynamical properties of substructures in a high-resolution dark matter simu-
lation of the formation of a Milky Way-like halo in a ΛCDM cosmology. Our goal is to shed
light on the dynamical peculiarities of the Milky Way satellites. Our simulations show that
about 1/3 of the subhalos have been accreted in groups. We quantify this clustering by mea-
suring the alignment of the angular momentum of subhalos in a group. We find that this signal
is visible even for objects accreted up to z ~ 1, i.e. 8 Gyr ago, and long after the spatial coher-
ence of the groups has been lost due the host tidal field. This group infall may well explain the
ghostly streams proposed by Lynden-Bell Lynden-Bell to orbit the Milky Way. Our analy-
ses also show that if most satellites originate in a few groups, the disk-like distribution of the
Milky Way satellites would be almost inevitable. This non-random assignment of satellites to
subhalos implies an environmental dependence on whether these low-mass objects are able
to form stars, possibly related to the nature of reionization in the early Universe. With this
picture, both the “ghostly streams” and the “disk-like configuration” are manifestations of the
same phenomenon: the hierarchical growth of structure down to the smallest scales.
Key words: methods: numerical - Galaxy: formation - galaxies: dwarf - galaxies: kinematics
and dynamics - dark matter.
1 INTRODUCTION
In cold dark-matter (CDM) cosmologies, large galaxies are the re-
sult of the aggregation of smaller subunits. Some of these subunits
may survive until the present day in the form of satellites, while
some may be completely destroyed in the course of time,
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